Abstract
The most important job of managers is to identify and solve various contradictions that are difficult to be dealt with via existing measures. This is particularly the case for those contradictions amongst people, between people and organization in terms of objectives and resources.
Those who make the car want others to be rich, they worry that others are not rich and no one buys a car; those who make bows and arrows hope that their arrows can kill people so that others can buy their arrows. Is it true that the people who make cars are good-hearted and the people who make the arrows are bad? No, absolutely not, they are all for their own benefit. The purpose is the same, but the occupational and technical division of labor has led them to different ways to achieve their own profits.
“Long and Short Sutra ” by Zhao Rei (659–742)
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Written by Naoki Komuro, translated by Li Yizhao, Harbin: Harbin Publishing House, 2003.
- 2.
Chen Shiqing: “The Metaphysics of Economics”, Beijing: China Times Economic Publishing House, 2010.
- 3.
Joseph Needham (December 9, 1900–March 24, 1995), a British modern biochemist and expert in the history of science and technology. His book “Science and Civilization in China” (“The History of Science and Technology in China”) on Modern Chinese and Western Cultural exchanges have far-reaching implications.
- 4.
Tao Te Ching is a book written before the separation of the pre-Qin dynasties in ancient China. It was praised by the philosophers of the time. The legend is written by Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period and is an important source of Taoist philosophy. The text is based on the philosophical “moral”, which discusses the ways of self-cultivation, ruling the country, using soldiers, and maintaining health. It is mostly based on politics. It is the so-called “inner and external king”, which is profound.
- 5.
Harold Koontz (1908–1984), a US-based management scientist, believes that modern management theory is still in the “jungle” state. Similarly, the debate about Taoism, Confucianism, and interface has not been ended in the history of Chinese philosophy. It can also be expressed in the state of “jungle”, which can be described as “the benevolent sees benevolence, the wise sees wisdom”. This book places more focused on finding a way out of these “jungle” rather than classifying these “jungles”.
- 6.
Zheng Xuan, the Eastern Han Dynasty,said in “I Zan” and “I Theory”: “The first meaning of ‘Yi’ is simplicity, The second meaning is Changing Yi, The third meaning is no changing.”
- 7.
I Ching , “Hsi Tzu”.
- 8.
Some people use “dialectic” instead. Although there are some differences between these two terms, their essential characteristics remain the same. Therefore, these two terms are used interchangeably in this book.
- 9.
Strategies of the Warring States is a historical work. It is a national history book, also known as the “national policy.” It records the events of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the Qin, Qi, Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan, Song, Wei, and Zhongshan states. The period begins in the early years of the Warring States Period and ends in the Qin Dynasty. It has a history of 240 years. It is divided into 12 strategies, 33 volumes, and a total of 497 articles. It mainly describes the political opinions and words and deeds of the lobbying people during the Warring States period. It is also a practical manual for lobbying people.
- 10.
Beijing: China Theater Publishing House, 2003.
- 11.
I Ching , “Hsi Tzu”.
- 12.
A set of essays in Chinese quotations during the Spring and Autumn Period that mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. It reflects Confucius’s thoughts more concentratedly. It was compiled by Confucius disciples and re-disciplined disciples. The book consists of 20 chapters and 492 chapters, and it is the first to create the form of “quotation”. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi called it “The Four Books” together with “Mencius “, “Da Xue” and “Zhong Yong”.
- 13.
“Long and Short Sutra ,” also known as “Fan Jing”, is a practical book written by Zhao Rui of the Tang Dynasty. It uses the history of the Han Dynasty before Tang as the material of argumentation, and integrates the teachings of the philosophers, integrating the ideas of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Law, Yinyang, and Agriculture. The content of the lectures covers various fields such as politics, diplomacy, and military affairs. To form a tactical system with a strict logic system covering the literary and military strategy. It is known to all the emperors who have achieved political achievements in the past, and is honored as a small “Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government”, which is a treasure in the rich and profound traditional culture of the Han nationality.
- 14.
“Thirty-Six Stratagems “ refers to the thirty-six military law strategies of ancient China. It is orginzted from the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the books were written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a book based on military thoughts and rich experience in ancient China.
- 15.
“The Art of War” is also known as “Sun Zi” written by Sun Wu. Sun Wu, a member of the state of Qi at the end of the spring and Autumn period, was exiled from the state of Qi to the state of Wu to assist the king of Wu in running the army through the state. He became famous as a prince and was honored as a “soldier saint”. The Art of War ar is known as “the holy book of military science” and “the first ancient military book”. It played an extremely important guiding role in the ancient military academic and war practice in China.
- 16.
Guan Zi (723 BC–645 BC), the famous politician and military strategist of Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period. He assisted Qi Qigong to dominate in the Spring and Autumn Period for the first time.
- 17.
“Zhong Yong” is the representative work of the Confucian school. It was originally an article of the Book of Rites. It is generally believed to be written by Confucius ‘ grandson (48–3 BC, 402 BC). “Zhong Yong” is not an unprincipled “harmony” and inaction. Rather, focus is placed on the inherent requirements of human beings (e.g. humanity, heart) as the starting point and fundamental value in the external environment (including natural and social). The pursuit of “middle point” in the environment. In other words, internal requirements are represented and achieved in an appropriate format under the context of existing external environment and conditions.
- 18.
Lin Yutang: “The Wisdom of Confucius “, Beijing: Qunyan Press, 2010.
- 19.
In Western management, there are many similar cognitions, e.g. the “cask principle”. Theory of Constraints and its series of management novels developed by Eliyahu M. Goldratt are based on this idea.
- 20.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 BC–221 BC), there were two representative hypotheses, namely, Mencius’s “human beings are born good” hypothesis and Xunzi’s “human beings are born evil” hypothesis. These two different hypotheses present two ways of governing the country: governing the country by virtue and governing the country according to law. Facts have proved that there are serious problems in the simple rule of virtue or the rule of law. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming (1472–1529) put forward the hypothesis that human nature is the “We originally had no consciousness or feeling about something or person.”, thus proposing a strategy of “harmony of knowledge and action.” But on the whole, Wang Yangming’s philosophy is still biased towards Confucianism, emphasizing the good thoughts that inspire humanity. These three typical assumptions may also be the reason the rule of virtue is more common than the rule of law in the history of China.
- 21.
Pang Pu: “Dividing One into Three”, Beijing: Xinhua Publishing House, 2004.
- 22.
Zhang Chuyu: “Various visions on Yi Ching and Dialectics”, Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2008.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 China Electric Power Press and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ding, R. (2020). Taiji Logic Used to Deal with Management Contradictions. In: Taiji Logic. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5239-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5239-7_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-5238-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-5239-7
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)