Abstract
In this paper characterization of red mud as a controlled low strength material (CLSM) is discussed with red mud as a base material and crusher dust or quarry dust, phosphogypsum and fly ash as other mineral admixtures. The highly alkaline red mud is mixed with phosphogypsum (PG) and crusher dust (CD) in different proportions, and fly ash is used to improve the flowability. The material properties of developed CLSM are characterized in both green and hardened state. The bleeding percentage was found to be less than 1% and flow diameter decreased with increase in crusher dust. Higher flow value was observed with phosphogypsum in comparison to with same percentage of crusher dust due to particle size and chemical composition. Higher unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio and flowability were observed for CLSM developed with red mud and CD mix in comparison to red mud and PG mixture.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ASTM D4644 (2016) Standard test method for slake durability of shales and other similar weak rocks. In: ASTM international, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
ASTM D4647 (2013) Standard test methods for identification and classification of dispersive clay soils by the pinhole test. In: ASTM international, West Conshohocken, PA
Abelleira A, Berke NS, Pickering DG (1998) Corrosion activity of steel in cementitious controlled low-strength materials vs. that in soil. In: Howard AK, Hitch JL (eds) The Design and application of controlled low strength materials (flowable Fill), STM STP 1331, American Society for Testing and Materials
ACI 229R-13 (2013) Test methods for controlled low-strength material (CLSM): past, present, and future. In: Howard AK, Hitch JL (eds) The design and application of controlled low-strength materials (Flowable Fill), ASTM STP 1331, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1998, pp 3–10
Dockter BA (1998) Comparison of dry scrubber and class c fly ash in controlled low strength materials (CLSM) applications. In: Howard AK, Hitch JL (eds) The design and application of controlled low-strength materials (Flowable Fill), ASTM STP 1331, American Society for Testing and Materials, pp 13–26
Folliard KJ, Du L, Trejo D, Halmen C, Sabol S, Leshchinsky D (2008) Development of a recommended practice for use of controlled low-strength material in highway construction. NCHRP Report 597. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C
Parmar D, Steinmanis J (2017) Underground cables need a proper burial. T&D World Magazine, Geotherm Inc, 1 April 2003. http://tdworld.com/underground-tampd/underground-cables-need-proper-burial. Accessed 23 May 2017
Alam Shamsad, Das Bijaya Kumar, Das Sarat Kumar (2018) Dispersion and sedimentation characteristics of red mud. J Hazard Toxic Radioact Waste ASCE 22(4):04018025
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Das, B.K., Das, S.K., Mohapatra, B.G. (2021). Red Mud as a Controlled Low Strength Material. In: Das, B., Barbhuiya, S., Gupta, R., Saha, P. (eds) Recent Developments in Sustainable Infrastructure . Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 75. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4577-1_70
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4577-1_70
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-4576-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-4577-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)