Abstract
The analytical formalism for whistler-pumped FEL amplifiers in collective Raman regime is developed. Compton regime (CR) has also feasible for the low-current gain; however, in practical, it does not exist for reasonable growth rate due to require of extremely high magnetic fields density (i.e., 10–15 T) to operate up to 200–250 GHz frequencies; hence, Raman regime plays an important role with the finite space charged mode only. The dispersive nature of the whistler-pumped FEL amplifiers is sensitive to frequency of electron cyclotron, plasma frequency, and magnetic fields of the amplifiers. The simultaneously of the pumped frequency with strong magnetic fields and plasma frequency should be synchronized for electron cyclotron frequency, which can rapidly increases the wiggler wave number to the radiation of amplification in the slow-whistler mode for high frequencies from millimeter to the sub-millimeter ranges. It is also clear that the background plasma should be lesser than the beam density for the charge neutralization and guiding of the signal into waveguides; hence, the plasma density can also improve the stability of high frequencies. In Raman regime, the growth rate is larger while it decreases as increases the frequency of operations and vice versa. The tapering of an axial field also plays a typical role to raise the efficiency as well as reduction in the length of interaction with axis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pant, K.K., Tripathi, V.K.: Free electron laser operation in the whistler mode. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 22(3) (1994)
Sharma, A., Tripathi, V.K.: A plasma filled gyrotron pumped free electron laser. Phys. Plasmas 3, 3116 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.871658
Liu, C.S., Tripathi, V.K.: Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves with Electron Beams and Plasmas. World Scientific (1994)
Marshall, T.C.: Free Electron Lasers. MacMillan, New York (1985)
Shea, P.G.O., Freund, H.P.: Free electron lasers: status and applications. 292(5523), 1853–1858 (2001). http://www.jstor.org/stable/3083925
Sharma, A., Tripathi, V.K.: Kinetic theory of a whistler-pumped free electron laser. Phys. Fluids B 5(1) (1993). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.860850
Sharma, A., Tripathi, V.K.: A whistler pumped free electron laser. Phys. Fluids 3I, 3375–3378 (1988)
Pant, K.K., Tripathi, V.K.: Nonlocal theory of a whistler pumped free electron laser. Phys. Plasmas 1, 1025 (1994)
Chung, T.H., Kim, S.H., Lee, J.K.: Simulation of tapered FEL amplifiers in millimetre and infrared regions. Nuclear Instrum. Phys. Res. A 331, 482–486 (1993)
Gold, S.H., Hardesty, D.L., Kinkead, A.K., Barnett, L.R.: High gain 35-GHz free electron laser amplifier experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett. 52(14), 1218–1221 (1984)
Gold, S.H., Black, W.M., Freund, H.P., Granatstein, V.L., Kinkead, A.K.: Radiation growth in a millimeter-wave free electron laser operating in the collective Regime. Phys. Fluids 27(3), 746–754 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.864650
Gold, S.H., Freund, H.P., Bowie: free electron laser with tapered axial magnetic field. The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy, Patent Number: 4,644,548, Washington, DC (1987)
Orzechowski, T.J., Anderson, B.R., Fawley, W.M., Prosnitz, D., Scharlemann, E.T., Yarema, S.M.: High gain and high extraction efficiency from a free electron laser amplifier operating in the millimeter wave regime. Nuclear Instrum. A 250, 144–149 (1986)
Orzeehowski, T.J., Anderson, B.R., Clark, J.C., Fawley, W.M., Paul, A.C., Prosnitz, D., Scharlemann, E.T., Yarema, S.M.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 57(17) (1986)
Freund, H.P.: Comparison of free-electron laser amplifiers based on a step-tapered optical klystron and a conventional tapered wiggler. Phys. Rev. 16, 060701 (2013)
Freund, H.P., Ganguly, A.K.: Nonlinear simulation of a high-power, collective free electron laser. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 20(3) (1992)
Gardelle, J., Labrouche, J., Taillandier, P.-L.: Free electron laser simulations: effects of beam quality and space charge. Phys. Rev. 50(6) (1994)
Parker, R.K., Jackson, B.H., Gold, S.H., Freund, H.P., Granatstein, V.L., Efthimion, P. C., Kinkead, A.K.: Axial magnetic-field effects in a collective-interaction free electron laser at millimeter wavelengths. Phys. Rev. Lett. 48(4) (1982)
Gopal, R., Jain, P.K.: Tapering effect of an axial magnetic field on whistler-pumped amplifier. Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J. 8(2), 4–10 (2018)
Gopal, R., Jain, P.K.: Effect of axial magnetic field tapering on whistler-pumped FEL amplifier in collective Raman regime operation. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 7(4), 2044–2050 (2018). https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15298
Gopal, R., Jain, P.K.: Design methodology and simulation study of a free electron laser amplifier. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 7(4), 3175–3181 (2018). https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.19277
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gopal, R., Rajan, M.S., Sharma, P., Gautam, A.K. (2020). Dispersive Nature of the FEL Amplifiers in the Whistler Mode. In: Pant, M., Kumar Sharma, T., Arya, R., Sahana, B., Zolfagharinia, H. (eds) Soft Computing: Theories and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1154. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4032-5_78
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4032-5_78
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-4031-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-4032-5
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)