Abstract
This study deals with the load frequency control of multi-area, multi-source system. A re-heat thermal generating unit, a gas unit and a plug-in electric vehicle unit is considered in each area. Some physical constraints like Governor dead band and generation rate constraint non-linearity are examined for the thermal unit. Whale optimization algorithm optimized I+PD controller is employed for the load frequency control of the proposed system. Load disturbance of 1% is considered for studying the system dynamics. To show the superiority of the proposed scheme, its performance is compared with the performance of the system under PIDN controller. Also, the system is tested against variable load to check the robustness of the system.
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Appendix
Appendix
Thermal generating unit: Kr = 0.3, Tt = 0.3 s, Rth = 2.4 Hz/pu, Tr = 10 s, Tg = 0.08 s, GRC = 0.0017pu/MW/s;
Gas generating unit: X = 0.6 s, Y = 1.0 s, TF = 0.23 s, b = 0.05 s, c = 1, TCR = 0.01 s, TCD = 0.2 s, RG = 2.4 Hz/pu MW, Rth = 2.4 Hz/pu;
Power system: Kps = 120 Hz/pu, Tps = 20 s;
EV: KEVÂ =Â 1 and TEVÂ =Â 1.
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Raj, U., Shankar, R. (2020). Effectiveness of Whale Optimization Based I+PD Controller for LFC of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Included Multi-area System. In: Pant, M., Kumar Sharma, T., Arya, R., Sahana, B., Zolfagharinia, H. (eds) Soft Computing: Theories and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1154. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4032-5_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4032-5_2
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