Abstract
The salt-and-pepper noise, one of the forms of impulse noise, is one of the important problems that needs to be taken care of. Salt-and-pepper noise in the images are introduced during their acquisition, recording and transmitting. Cellular Automata (CA) is an emerging concept in the field of image processing due to its neighborhood dependence. Various methods have been proposed using CA for noise removal, simply due to the high complexity of CA, most of them are proven to be inefficient. However, CA can be used efficiently with some modifications that result in a reduction in its complexity, for the large number of image processing techniques. In this paper, we overcome the problem of CA by Multithreshold Binary Conversion (MBC) in which we convert the grayscale images to binary images based upon a chosen set of threshold values, reducing the state from 256 to 2 for every pixel. The resulting images are then fed to the CA. The result obtained is a set of binary images and these binary images need to be recombined to obtain a noise free grayscale image. We have used a method similar to a binary search that reduce the complexity of recombining the images from \(N^2K\) to \(N^2logK\) making our recombination algorithm an efficient algorithm, in terms of complexity, to recombine binary images to a single grayscale image. This reduction in the complexity of noise removal has no effect on the quality of a grayscale image.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Luo, W.: Efficient removal of impulse noise from digital images. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 52(2), 523–527 (2006)
von Neumann, J.: Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata (edited and completed by Arthur Burks). University of Illinois Press, Urbana (1966)
Phipps, M.J.: From local to global: the lesson of cellular automata. In: DeAngelis, D.L., Gross, L.J. (eds.) Individual-Based Models and Approaches in Ecology, pp. 165–187. Chapman and Hall/CRC, London (2018)
Zhang, S., Karim, M.A.: A new impulse detector for switching median filter. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 9(11), 360–363 (2002)
Gupta, V., Chaurasia, V., Shandilya, M.: Random-valued impulse noise removal using adaptive dual threshold median filter. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 26, 296–304 (2015)
Rosin, P.L.: Training cellular automata for image processing. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15(7), 2076–2087 (2006)
Liu, S., Chan, H., Yang, S.: An effective filtering algorithm for salt-peper noises based on cellular automata. In: IEEE Congress on Image and Signal Processing (2008)
Popovici, A., Popovici, D.: Cellular automata in image processing. In: Gilliam, D.S., Rosenthal, J. (eds.) Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on the Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems, Electronic Proceedings (2002)
Paranj, B.: Conway’s game of life. In: Test Driven Development in Ruby, pp. 171–220. Apress, Berkeley (2017)
Hadeler, K.-P., Müller, J.: Cellular automata: basic definitions. Cellular Automata: Analysis and Applications. SMM, pp. 19–35. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53043-7_2
Weisstein, E.W.: von Neumann neighborhood. From MathWorld-A Wolfram Web Resource (2013)
Gray, L.: A mathematician looks at Wolfram’s New Kind of Science. Not. Amer. Math. Soc. 50, 200–211 (2003)
Weisstein, E.W.: Moore neighborhood. From MathWorld-A Wolfram Web Resource (2005). http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MooreNeighborhood.html
Wolfram, S.: Cellular Automata and Complexity: Collected Papers. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2018)
Krishnan, P.M., Mustaffa, M.T.: A low power comparator design for analog-to-digital converter using MTSCStack and DTTS techniques. In: Ibrahim, H., Iqbal, S., Teoh, S.S., Mustaffa, M.T. (eds.) 9th International Conference on Robotic, Vision, Signal Processing and Power Applications. LNEE, vol. 398, pp. 37–45. Springer, Singapore (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1721-6_5
Davis, C.H.: The binary search algorithm. J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 167–167 (1969)
Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C., Sheikh, H.R., Simoncelli, E.P.: Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(4), 600–612 (2004)
Hwang, H., Hadded, R.A.: Adaptive median filter: new algorithms and results. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 4(4), 449–502 (1995)
Bovik, A.: Handbook of Image and Video Processing. Academic Press, San Diego (2000)
Nair, M.S., Raju, G.: A new fuzzy-based decision algorithm for high-density impulse noise removal. Sig. Image Video Process. 6, 579–595 (2010)
Nair, M.S., Revathy, K., Tatavarti, R.: An improved decision-based algorithm for impulse noise removal. In: Congress on Image and Signal Processing, CISP 2008, vol. 1, pp. 426–431 (2008)
Srinivasan, K.S., Ebenezer, D.: A new fast and efficient decision-based algorithm for removal of high-density impulsive noises. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 14(3), 189–192 (2007)
Ng, P.E., Ma, K.K.: A switching median filter with boundary discriminative noise detection for extremely corrupted images. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15(6), 1506–1516 (2006)
Kumar, P., Sharma, A.: DCWI: distribution descriptive curve and cellular automata based writer identification. Expert Syst. Appl. 128, 187–200 (2019)
Meena, Y., Kumar, P., Sharma, A.: Product recommendation system using distance measure of product image features. In: 2018 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS). IEEE (2018)
Kumar, B., Kumar, P., Sharma, A.: RWIL: robust writer identification for Indic language. In: 2018 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS). IEEE (2018)
Kumar, V., Monika, Kumar, P., Sharma, A.: Spam email detection using ID3 algorithm and hidden Markov model. In: 2nd Conference on Information and Communication Technology (CICT 2018), Jabalpur (India) (2018)
Panwar, P., Monika, Kumar, P., Sharma, A.: CHGR: captcha generation using hand gesture recognition. In: 2nd Conference on Information and Communication Technology (CICT 2018), Jabalpur, India (2018)
Bhatt, M., Monika, Kumar, P., Sharma, A.: Facial expression detection and recognition using geometry maps. In: 2nd Conference on Information and Communication Technology (CICT 2018), Jabalpur, India (2018)
Katiyar, H., Monika, Kumar, P., Sharma, A.: Twitter sentiment analysis using dynamic vocabulary. In: 2nd Conference on Information and Communication Technology (CICT 2018), Jabalpur, India (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kumar, P., Ansari, M.H., Sharma, A. (2020). MBC-CA: Multithreshold Binary Conversion Based Salt-and-Pepper Noise Removal Using Cellular Automata. In: Nain, N., Vipparthi, S., Raman, B. (eds) Computer Vision and Image Processing. CVIP 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1147. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4015-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4015-8_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-4014-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-4015-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)