Skip to main content

Social Determinants of Health and Education: Understanding Intersectionalities During Childhood

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Health and Education Interdependence

Abstract

This chapter explores the conceptual understandings of health and learning, as well as the health benefits of learning, to address the social factors that determine existing inequalities in these outcomes. Inequalities in health and learning start in early life, are transmitted intergenerationally, and are fuelled by the intersectionality of disadvantage into which children are born. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the channels by which social determinants reproduce inequalities, the chapter builds on the ecological model developed by Feinstein and colleagues (2008) to make explicit the conditions, forces and systems, that impact the formation and persistence of inequalities. The chapter concludes with the importance of addressing the social factors and processes that cause the reproduction of existing inequalities in health and learning within specific contexts. The intent, here, is to promote a more equitable social agenda.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aggio, D., Smith, L., & Hamer, M. (2017). Early life cognitive function and health behaviours in late childhood: Testing the neuroselection hypothesis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 72(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-208896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alcott, B., Rose, P., Sabates. R, Alonso, M. L., & Cherfils, M. (2018). Experience and lessons of learning intervention programmes across the PAL network members (Policy Paper No. 18/4). REAL Centre, University of Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, L. M., Shinn, C., Fullilove, M. T., Scrimshaw, S. C., Fielding, J. E., Normand, J., et al. (2003). The effectiveness of early childhood development programs. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24(3), 32–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00655-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: W H Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, A. V., Banerji, R., Duflo, E., Glennerster, R., & Khemani, S. (2010). Pitfalls of participatory programs: Evidence from a randomized evaluation in education in India. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2(1), 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batty, G. D., Deary, I. J., Schoon, I., & Gale, C. R. (2007). Childhood mental ability in relation to food intake and physical activity in adulthood: The 1970 british cohort study. Pediatrics, 119(1), e38–e45. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1831

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batty, G. D., Mortensen, E. L., Nybo Andersen, A. M., & Osler, M. (2005). Childhood intelligence in relation to adult coronary heart disease and stroke risk: Evidence from a Danish birth cohort study. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 19(6), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00671.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, G. S. (2009). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, D., Morris, J. N., Smith, C., & Townsend, P. (1980). Report of the working group on inequalities in health. London, UK: Stationery Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, S. E., & Devereux, P. J. (2010). Recent developments in intergenerational mobility. In O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (Eds.), Handbook of labor economics (Vol. IVb, pp. 1487–1531). San Francisco, CA: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borjas, G. J. (1992). Ethnic capital and intergenerational mobility. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(1), 123–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). Contexts of child rearing: Problems and prospects. American Psychologist, 34(10), 844–850. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.34.10.844

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), 723–742. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.6.723

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, D. W., Anda, R. F., Tiemeier, H., Felitti, V. J., Edwards, V. J., Croft, J. B., et al. (2009). Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of premature mortality. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 37(5), 389–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chusseau, N., Hellier, J., & Ben-Halima, B. (2013). Education, intergenerational mobility and inequality. In J. Hellier & N. Chusseau (Eds.), Growing income inequalities (pp. 227–273). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan UK.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Conti, G., Heckman, J. J., & Pinto, R. (2016). The effects of two influential early childhood interventions on health and healthy behaviour. The Economic Journal, 126(596), F28–F65. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooter, K. S. (2006). When mama can’t read: Counteracting intergenerational illiteracy. The Reading Teacher, 59(7), 698–702.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Côté, J. E., & Levine, C. G. (2002). Identity formation, agency and culture: A social psychological synthesis. London, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deaton, A. (2002). Policy implications of the gradient of health and wealth. Health Affairs, 21(2), 13–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeWalt, D. A., Dilling, M. H., Rosenthal, M. S., & Pignone, M. P. (2007). Low parental literacy is associated with worse asthma care measures in children. Ambulatory Paediatrics, 7(1), 25–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeWalt, D. A., & Hink, A. (2009). Health literacy and child health outcomes: A systematic review of the literature. Paediatrics, 124(Supplement 3), S265–S274. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-1162b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Cesare, M., Sabates, R., & Lewin, K. (2013). A double prevention: How maternal education can affect maternal mental health, child health and child cognitive development. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 4(3), 166–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, G., Claessens, A., Huston, A., Magnuson, K., Huston, A. C., & Klebanov, P. (2007). School readiness and later achievement. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1428–1446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunnell, K., Blakemore, C., Haberman, S., McPherson, K., & Pattison, J. (2018). Life expectancy: Is the socio- economic gap narrowing? Resource document. Longevity Science Panel. Retrieved May 08, 2018, from https://www.longevitypanel.co.uk/_files/LSP_Report.pdf.

  • Eccles, J. S., Wigfield, A., & Scheifele, U. (1997). Motivation to succeed. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 1077–1095). New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckstein, K. C. (2006). Parents’ perceptions of their child’s weight and health. Pediatrics, 117(3), 681–690. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engel, G. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.847460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, D., & Popova, A. (2015). What really works to improve learning in developing countries? An analysis of divergent findings in systematic reviews (Policy Research Working Paper WPS7203). Washington, DC: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ezati, B.A., Madanda, A., & Ahikire, J. (2018). Improving learning in rural lower primary school through provision of informal ECD: Lessons from an NGO model in Uganda. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 5(1), 51–59. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2018.51.51.59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feinstein, L., Duckworth, K., & Sabates, R. (2008). Education and the family: Passing success across generations. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Feinstein, L., Sabates, R., Anderson, T.M., Sorhaindo, A., & Hammond, C. (2006). What are the effects of education on health. In R. Desjardins & T. Schuller (Eds.), Measuring the effects of education on health and civic engagement: Proceedings of the Copenhagen Symposium (pp. 171–177). Copenhagen, Denmark: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fields, J. (2008). Risky lessons: Sex education and social Inequality. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., & O’Donoghue, T. (2002). Time discounting and time preference: A critical review. Journal of Economic Literature, 40(2), 351–401. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.40.2.351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frenette, M. (2006). Too far to go on? Distance to school and university participation. Education Economics, 14(1), 31–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fryer, R., Levitt, S., & List, J. (2015). Parental incentives and early childhood achievement: A field experiment in Chicago heights (Working Paper 21477). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w21477.

  • Glewwe, P. W., Hanushek, E. A., Humpage, S. D., & Ravina, R. (2014). School resources and educational outcomes in developing countries: A review of the literature from 1990 to 2010. In P. Glewwe (Ed.), Education policy in developing countries (pp. 13–64). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glied, S., & Lleras-Muney, A. (2003). Health inequality, education and medical innovation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w9738.

  • Global Times. (2017). Gas shortage forces rural students to study outdoors. Retrieved December 05, 2017, from https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1078793.shtml.

  • Golden, S. D., & Earp, J. A. L. (2012). Social ecological approaches to individuals and their contexts. Health Education & Behavior, 39(3), 364–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198111418634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golding, B., Brown, M., & Foley, A. (2009). Informal learning: A discussion around defining and researching its breadth and importance. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 49(1), 34–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, D. P., & Lakdawalla, D. N. (2005). A theory of health disparities and medical technology. Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy, 4(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, M. (1972). On the concept of health capital and the demand for health. Journal of Political Economy, 80(2), 223–255. https://doi.org/10.1086/259880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, M. (2000). The human capital model. In A. J. Culyer & J. P. Newhouse (Eds.), Handbook of health economics (pp. 347–408). Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (2005). Outsourcing in a global economy. Review of Economic Studies, 72(1), 135–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.00327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammitt, J. K., & Zhou, Y. (2006). The economic value of air-pollution-related health risks in China: A contingent valuation study. Environmental and Resource Economics, 33(3), 399–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, C. (2004). Impacts of lifelong learning upon emotional resilience, psychological and mental health: Fieldwork evidence. Oxford Review of Education, 30(4), 551–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, B., & Risley, T. R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore, MD: Paul H Brookes Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertz, T., Tamara, J., Piraino, P., Sibel, S., Nicole, S., & Verashchagina, A. (2008). The inheritance of educational inequality: International comparisons and fifty-year trends. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 7(2), 1–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertzman, C. (2000). The case for an early childhood development strategy. ISUMA, Autumn, 11–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillenbrand, E. (2006). Improving traditional-conventional medicine collaboration: Perspectives from Cameroonian traditional practitioners. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 15(1), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Housseini Shokouh, S. M., Arab, M., Emamgholipour, S., Rashidian, A., Montazeri, A., & Zaboli, R. (2017). Conceptual models of social determinants of health: A narrative review. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 46(4), 435–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilie, S., & Rose, P. (2016). Is equal access to higher education in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa achievable by 2030? Higher Education, 72(4), 435–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, S. (2014). Challenges and inequalities in lifelong learning and social justice. London, UK: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • James, S. (2002, March 1). Social determinants of health: Implications for intervening on racial and ethnic health disparities. Paper presented at the Minority Health Conference 2002, University of North Carolina.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krieger, N. (2001). A glossary for social epidemiology. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 55(10), 693–700. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.55.10.693

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuh, D. (2004). Childhood cognitive ability and deaths up until middle age: A post-war birth cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 33(2), 408–413. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leseman, P. M., & de Jong, P. F. (1998). Home literacy: Opportunity, instruction, cooperation and social- emotional quality predicting early reading achievement. Reading Research Quarterly, 33(3), 294–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, T.G., McDonald, M., Carlon, L., & O’Rourke, K. (2015). Early childhood development and the social determinants of health inequities. Health promotion international, 30(2), ii102–ii115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noe, R. (1989). Accelerating the ‘Pace’ against illiteracy: Parent and child education. Yale Law & Policy Review, 7(2), Article 6. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/ylpr/vol7/iss2/6.

  • Nutrition landscape information system (NLIS). (2018). World Health Organisation resource document. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://www.who.int/nutrition.

  • OECD. (2018). Recognition of non-formal and informal learning. OECD resource document. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://www.oecd.org/education/skills-beyond-school/recognitionofnon-formalandinformallearning-home.htm.

  • Parsitau, D. S. (2017). Brookings, How girls’ education intersects with Maasai culture in Kenya. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/education-plus-development/2017/07/25/how-girls-education-intersects-with-maasai-culture-in-kenya/.

  • Pearce, T. O. (2000). Death and maternity in Nigeria. In M. Turshen (Ed.), African women’s health (pp. 46–61). Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettirino, F. (2017). Retos metodológicos de la asistencia médica intercultural. Importancia de las disciplinas sociales y humanísticas en el área de la salud. Keynote Speaker at the VI International Congress on Intercultural Health and Wellbeing, Edo de Mexico, Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Probst, J. C., Moore, C. G., Baxley, E. G., & Lammie, J. L. (2002). Rural-urban differences in visits to primary care physicians. Family Medicine-Kansas City, 34(8), 609–615.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D. (1993). The prosperous community. The American Prospect, 4(13), 35–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Robertson, D. L., & Mann, E. A. (2001). Long-term effects of an early childhood intervention on educational achievement and juvenile arrest. Journal of American Medical Association, 285(18), 2339–2346. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.18.2339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, P., & Alcott, B. (2015). Health and Education Advice & Resource Team, How can education systems become equitable by 2030? Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://www.heart-resources.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Rose-and-Alcott-2015.pdf?x30250.

  • Rose, P., Sabates, R., Alcott, B., & Ilie, S. (2017). The Education Commission, overcoming inequalities within countries to achieve global convergence in learning. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://palnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Overcoming-Inequalities-within-Countries.pdf.

  • Rutter, M. (1999). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. In J. Rolf, A. S. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K. H. Nuechterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds.), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 181–214). Cambridge, CAM: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabates, R., DiCesare, C., & Reilly, B. (2014). Does educational exclusion explain health differentials among children? An empirical analysis of children in Ethiopia using Young Lives data. In S. McGrath & Q. Gu (Eds.), Routledge handbook on education and development (pp. 182–195). London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabates, R., & Di Cesare, C. (2019). Can maternal education sustain or enhance the benefits of early life interventions? Evidence from the Young Lives Longitudinal Study. COMPARE: A Journal of Comparative and International Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2019.1653171.

  • Schuller, T., Brassett-Grundy, A., Green, A., Hammond, C., & Preston, J. (2002). Learning, continuity and change in adult life. Wider benefits of Learning Research Report. London, UK: The Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning, Institute of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, A. (1992). Inequality Re-Examined. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, A. C., & Slifkin, R. T. (2007). Rural/urban differences in barriers to and burden of care for children with special health care needs. The Journal of Rural Health, 23(2), 150–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, Y., Zhuang, G., Wang, Y., Han, L., Guo, J., Dan, M., & Hao, Z. (2004). The air-borne particulate pollution in Beijing—concentration, composition, distribution and sources. Atmospheric Environment, 38(35), 5991–6004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO GMR. (2014). Teaching and learning: Achieving quality for all. Paris: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO-UIS. (2018). Handbook on measuring equity in education. Resource document. UNESCO & UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/handbook-measuring-equity-education-2018-en.pdf.

  • UNESCO. (2018). GEM report—Accountability in education: Meeting our commitments. Resource document. Global Education Monitoring Report. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://gem-report-2017.unesco.org/en/home/.

  • United Nations. (2015). The millennium development goals report 2015. Resource document. United Nations. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015MDGReport/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf.

  • Viner, R. M., Ozer, E. M., Denny, S., Marmot, M., Resnick, M., Fatusi, A., & Currie, C. (2012). Adolescence and the social determinants of health. The Lancet, 379(9826), 1641–1652. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60149-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wade, D. T., & Halligan, P. W. (2004). Do biomedical models of illness make for good healthcare systems? BMJ, 329(7479), 1398–1401. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7479.1398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagstaff, A., Bredenkamp, C., & Buisman, L. R. (2014). Progress on global health goals: Are the poor being left behind? The World Bank Research Observer, 29(2), 137–162. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lku008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. (2010). The spirit level: Why equality is better for everyone. London, UK: Penguin UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organisation. (1948). Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organisation as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June, 1946. New York, NY: World Health Organisation.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organisation. (2007). A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Resource Document. World Health Organisation. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/csdh_framework_action_05_07.pdf.

  • World Health Organisation. (2016). Life expectancy increased by 5 years since 2000, but health inequalities persist. Resource document. World Health Organisation. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://www.who.int/en/news-room/detail/19-05-2016-life-expectancy-increased-by-5-years-since-2000-but-health-inequalities-persist.

  • World Health Organisation. (2018). The social determinants of health. Retrieved May 03, 2018, from https://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/.

  • Zaslow, M. J., Hair, E. C., Dion, M. R., Ahluwalia, S. K., & Sargent, J. (2001). Maternal depressive symptoms and low literacy as potential barriers to employment in a sample of families receiving welfare: are there two-generational implications? Women & Health, 32(3), 211–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Prof. Tom Schuller for his critical comments to earlier versions of this chapter as well as the lead editor of the book, Prof. Richard Midford.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ricardo Sabates .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sabates, R., Yardeni, A. (2020). Social Determinants of Health and Education: Understanding Intersectionalities During Childhood. In: Midford, R., Nutton, G., Hyndman, B., Silburn, S. (eds) Health and Education Interdependence. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3959-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3959-6_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-3958-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-3959-6

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics