Alternate Vehicle Usage Controlling Policies and Their Effect on Vehicular Pollution—Case Study of Delhi

Abstract

Vehicular pollution is mainly responsible for the air pollution in metropolitan cities such as Delhi which has been nominated as most polluted city of the world. This paper is based on the study of prediction of reduction in emission of different air pollutants mainly carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compound (VOC), oxides of nitrogen (NO_x), oxides of sulfur (SO_x), and particulate matter (PM) under different scenarios in Delhi during 2017–2028. The effectiveness of various scenarios which are Business-As-Usual (BAU) existing conditions in current environment and three other reduction scenarios, namely odd–even policy (OEP), electronic vehicle penetration (EVP), and integrated scenario (IS), is evaluated in order to emission reduction over two intervals which are short-span (2023) and long-span (2028) by International Vehicular Emissions Model up to 2028. It is found that, there are huge increment observed in the Delhi’s vehicle population, and it would reach about 40% up to 2028 in comparison with 2017. By comparing all scenarios, it is found that EVP scenario is more effective in case of CO. CO would reduced ~27.47% up to 2023 and ~41.81% up to 2028 while OEP scenario can reduce emissions more effectively for VOC, NO_x, SO_x, and PM and would reach to 26.51 5, 27.7%, 35.63%, and 30.29% in short-span while 24.54%, 29.23%, 35.98%, and 29.78% in long-span as compared to BAU scenario. Overall OEP scenario is performed best for other criteria pollutant except CO compared to other controlling scenarios.