Abstract
GNSS tomography has bloomed into an efficient tool for sensing the high spatiotemporal variations of tropospheric water vapor. Presently, GNSS signals passing from the top boundary are selected as effective rays to tomography system in the most studies. However, a number of side signals penetrating from the side of tomography area are eliminated, which reduces the utilization of GNSS rays and aggravates the morbidity of tomographic observation equations. In this paper, the integration of top signals and side ones for GNSS water vapor tomography system is explored and developed. The sectional slant wet delay (SWD) corresponding to part signals, regarded as the key for utilizing side rays, is accurately estimated by a new height factor model (HFM). In addition, dynamic top boundary of tomography area is analyzed and determined based on the same radiosonde data. Three experimental schemes are carried out using 31 days observation data from the Satellite Positioning Reference Station Network (SatRef) and Radiosonde in Hong Kong. The experimental results show that the average number of effective signals increased by 66.29% and the average utilization rate of GNSS signals is enhanced by 31.86% with side signals absorbed into the tomography system. Furthermore, with the proposed method, the statistics suggest that the mean RMSE is reduced from 1.59 g/m3 (Scheme I) to 1.08 g/m3 (Scheme III), and the accuracy is remarkably improved by 32.08%. On the other hand, compared to the present approach for modeling side rays, the improved model proposed in this paper has a better retrieval capability.
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Acknowledgments
This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos: 41774026 and 41904013). The authors acknowledge the support of the Survey and Mapping Office (SMO) of Lands Department, HongKong, for provision of the SatRef GNSS data and the ground-based meteorological data. The King’s Park Observatory is also acknowledged for providing the high-precision radiosonde data. The GAMIT/GLOBK software is provided by the Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT. The authors would like to thank anonymous reviewers for the review and suggest of this paper.
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Zhang, W., Ding, N., Zhang, S. (2020). Inclusion of Side Signals on GNSS Water Vapor Tomography with a New Height Factor Model. In: Sun, J., Yang, C., Xie, J. (eds) China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC) 2020 Proceedings: Volume I. CSNC 2020. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 650. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3707-3_8
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