Abstract
Our health is closely related to our environment, such that a healthy environment brings healthy living and vice versa. Pollution due to air is a prime environmental aspect contributing to the burden of different diseases in human and also has considerable economic impact. The total air pollution accounts approximately 7 million deaths globally. Pollutants produced as combustion of particulate matter have demonstrated a time-series effect on human health. The size of inhalable particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) affects the mortality and morbidity upon short- and long-term exposure among all population, with highest effect on elderly individuals. Exposure to these pollutants produces the pathological alteration, such as increased inflammatory response, systemic oxidative stress, cardiovascular stress, and change in pulmonary autonomous nervous system activity. These molecular pathological events trigger several pulmonary and cardiovascular manifestations in human. From epidemiology point of view, it has been explored that among different air pollutants, particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide are the major ones. The highest mortality is mainly observed in Asian populations as compared to Europeans and Americans. The top ten countries with the highest mortality are China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, the United States, Russia, Brazil, and Philippines, respectively. In this chapter, we reviewed different PM exposure-based epidemiological studies with more focus on high ambient Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) levels. It has also been found that overall absolute risk for mortality due to PM exposure is higher for cardiovascular compared to pulmonary disorders in case of both acute and chronic exposures.
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Prasad, R.R., Paudel, S. (2020). Impacts of Air Pollution on Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Systems. In: Saxena, P., Srivastava, A. (eds) Air Pollution and Environmental Health. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 20. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3481-2_8
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