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Cellular and Molecular Response for Sensitising Cancer Cells and Protecting the Normal Cells from Radiation-Induced Damages

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Biotechnological Applications in Human Health

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Abstract

Research on cellular and molecular response of radiation in normal and cancer cells has been the focus with high priority during the past two decades. However, the simultaneous sensitisation of tumour cells and protection of normal cells is impeded due to high dose resistance to cancer cells and damage of normal cells during radiotherapy. This review discusses the recent advances on radiation-induced DNA damage and repair, cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis, cellular sensitivity, bystander effect and genomic instability with cellular and molecular responses for sensitising cancer cells and protecting the normal cells against radiation-induced damages.

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Abbreviations

APAF1:

Apoptotic protease activating factor 1

CAFs:

Cancer-associated fibroblasts

DD:

Death domain

DISC:

Death-inducing signalling complex

DSB:

double-strand breaks

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

FADD:

Fas-associated death domain

HR:

Homologous recombination

MOMP:

Mitochondrial outer membrane potential

NHEJ:

Non-homologous end-joining

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SSB:

Single-strand breaks

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Acknowledgements

This review was supported by GITAM (Deemed to be University) and Defence Research & Development Organization – Life Sciences Research Board (File No: CC R&D (TM)/81/48222/LSRB-282/SH&DD2014 Dated 08-12-2014), India.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM Institute of Science (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India

    Shailender Gugalavath & Rama Rao Malla

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  1. Shailender Gugalavath
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  2. Rama Rao Malla
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Correspondence to Rama Rao Malla .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Virus Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Provash Chandra Sadhukhan

  2. Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA

    Sanjay Premi

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Gugalavath, S., Malla, R.R. (2020). Cellular and Molecular Response for Sensitising Cancer Cells and Protecting the Normal Cells from Radiation-Induced Damages. In: Sadhukhan, P., Premi, S. (eds) Biotechnological Applications in Human Health. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3453-9_2

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