Abstract
The application of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) is extensively used to combat the pest attack and massively used including in paddy field. The OPP is an effective pesticide with broad killing spectrum that exhibits less environmental persistence, but the residue is highly toxic to us. Hence, in this work, determination of four types of OPPs compound, that is, parathion-methyl (PM), azinphos-methyl (AM), diazinon (D), and malathion (M) in paddy field water samples at four location in Perlis state was done. Sample extraction was carried out using ionic liquid dispersed liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME). Two types of ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [BMIM][Br] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM] [Cl], were used as an extraction solvent. The effect of extraction time (ET), centrifugation time (CT), and concentration (C) on the ILs was investigated. Sample analysis was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode detector (HPLC-PDA). The result showed that 1 h of ET and 10 min of the CT were optimum parameters in this work. The linear correlation (R2) of the OPPs standard was 0.9979, 0.9988, 0.9988, and 0.9993 for AM, PM, M, and D, respectively. The LOD and LOQ values for [BMIM] [Br] range from 0.01 to 1.71 µg/L and 0.03 to 1.42 µg/L, respectively, while LOD and LOQ values for [BMIM] [Cl] range from 2.9 to 10.4 µg/L and 13.7 to 20.59 µg/L, respectively. The concentration of the analyte ranges from 3.7 to 16.8 ppm, 17.5 to 69.9 ppm, and 2.8 to 58.1 ppm in Beseri, Mata Ayer, and Arau water samples, respectively.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agudelo CRM, Jaramillo ML, Peñuela G (2012) Comparison of the removal of chlorpyrifos and dissolved organic carbon in horizontal sub-surface and surface flow wetlands. Sci Total Environ 431:271–277. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.045
Ahmad W, Al-Sibaai AA, Bashammakh AS, Alwael H, El-Shahawi MS (2015) Recent advances in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for pesticide analysis. TrAC: Trends Anal Chem 72:181–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.022
Asensio-Ramos M, Ravelo-Pérez LM, González-Curbelo MÁ, Hernández-Borges J (2011) Liquid phase microextraction applications in food analysis. J Chromatogr A 1218(42):7415–7437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.096
Bakry FA, Hasheesh WS, Hamdi SAH (2011) Biological, biochemical, and molecular parameters of Helisoma duryi snails exposed to the pesticides Malathion and Deltamethrin. Pestic Biochem Physiol 101(2):86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.08.004
Hawkins CA, Rud A, Guthrie ML, Dietz ML (2015) Rapid quantification of imidazolium-based ionic liquids by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography: methodology and an investigation of the retention mechanisms. J Chromatogr A 1400:54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.047
He L, Luo X, Jiang X, Qu L (2010) A new 1,3-dibutylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction to determine organophosphorus pesticides in water and fruit samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1217(31):5013–5020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.057
He L, Luo X, Xie H, Wang C, Jiang X, Lu K (2009) Ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water sample. Anal Chim Acta 655(1–2):52–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.044
Hernández F, Ibáñez M, Portolés T, Cervera MI, Sancho JV, López FJ (2015) Advancing towards universal screening for organic pollutants in waters. J Hazard Mater 282:86–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.006
Mee Kin C, Guan Huat T (2010) Headspace solid-phase microextraction for the evaluation of pesticide residue contents in cucumber and strawberry after washing treatment. Food Chem 123(3):760–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.038
Mohd Sharif S, Abu Bakar NF, Naim MN (2015) Deposition of fine iron oxide particles in tap water using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. J Water Process Eng 7:123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2015.06.005
Moussavi G, Hosseini H, Alahabadi A (2013) The investigation of diazinon pesticide removal from contaminated water by adsorption onto NH4Cl-induced activated carbon. Chem Eng J 214:172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.10.034
Nakano Y, Miyazaki A, Yoshida T, Ono K, Inoue T (2004) A study on pesticide runoff from paddy fields to a river in rural region—1: field survey of pesticide runoff in the Kozakura River, Japan. Water Research 38(13):3017–3022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.02.013
Pinto MI, Sontag G, Bernardino RJ, Noronha JP (2010) Pesticides in water and the performance of the liquid-phase microextraction based techniques. A review. Microchem J 96(2):225–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2010.06.010
Rezaee M, Yamini Y, Faraji M (2010) Evolution of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method. J Chromatogr A 1217(16):2342–2357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.088
Sparks TC (2013) Insecticide discovery: an evaluation and analysis. Pestic Biochem Physiol 107(1):8–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.05.012
Umecky T, Kanakubo M, Ikushima Y (2005) Effects of alkyl chain on transport properties in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphates. J Mol Liq 119(1–3):77–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2004.10.011
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hasan, S.B., Masdar, N.D., Kamal, M.L., Ramli, N.B., Alias, N.Z. (2020). Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticides (OPPs) in Paddy Field Water Using IL-DLLME. In: Alias, N., Yusof, R. (eds) Charting the Sustainable Future of ASEAN in Science and Technology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3434-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3434-8_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-3433-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-3434-8
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)