Abstract
A set of analytical strategies has enabled atomistic, local, dynamic, and quantitative information on the bonding and electronic energetics induced by atomic under- and hetero-coordination. With the aids of the ZPS, one can purify the energy states with high precision without needing decomposition of the spectral peaks. APECS and NEXAS probe simultaneously the shifts of a core and the valence energy bands with provision of the screening and recharging information. Quantitative information includes the bond length, bond energy, core level shift, core charge entrapment and valence electron polarization, atomic cohesive energy, and binding energy density. Such a collection of information is fundamentally crucial to designing and synthesizing functional materials.
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Sun, C. (2020). Probing Methods: STM/S, PES, APECS, XAS, ZPS. In: Electron and Phonon Spectrometrics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3176-7_3
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