Abstract
For the last few decades, with the emergence of nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanoparticles gained enormous attention due to their high surface/volume ratio and other novel, unique, and remarkable properties. Traditionally, nanoparticles are fabricated by either chemical or physical approaches which not only utilize toxic chemicals but also are energy-intensive and consequently costly. The microbe-based synthesis of nanoparticles is biocompatible, economical, eco-friendly, and energy-intensive. Metallic and nonmetallic, metal oxide, and sulfide nanoparticles are synthesized by bacteria, virus, fungi, and algae. These nanoparticles act as an adsorbent for the remediation of water and wastewater pollutants clearly due to their physicochemical properties, nano size, controlled growth, and surface modification. The carbohydrates, proteins, and enzymes present in such microbes act as surfactant and capping agents which reduce the use of harmful chemical surfactants. Nanoparticles find application in the remediation of dyes, heavy metals, microbial contaminants, and pesticides, in the area of wastewater treatment. The widely used adsorbents are iron oxide nanoparticle, zinc oxide, alumina, and titanium dioxide. The present chapter highlights the synthesis of nanoparticles from bacteria, algae, fungi, and viruses and their application for wastewater treatment.
Keywords
- Nanoparticles, bacteria
- Metal oxide
- Surface modification
- Wastewater treatment
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Yadav, V.K. et al. (2020). Microbial Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Applications for Wastewater Treatment. In: Singh, J., Vyas, A., Wang, S., Prasad, R. (eds) Microbial Biotechnology: Basic Research and Applications. Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2817-0_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2817-0_7
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