Abstract
We report medicine prices, availability and affordability in Russia and Kyrgyzstan using the WHO/HAI methodology. In Kyrgyzstan, median prices of cardiovascular medicines were 6 times higher than in Russia, whilst their affordability was 9 times lower than in Russia for lowest-priced generics and 11 times lower for originator brands. Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy was affordable in Russia, but not in Kyrgyzstan (2015). We monitored patient and procurement prices in Russia (2010–2017) and documented success of government interventions in reduction of essential and cardiovascular patient prices from 2010 onwards to recommended values for generics in public sector and the need for continued price monitoring.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
World Bank Country and Lending Groups https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups. Accessed June 2019.
- 2.
Shakhovskaya L.S., Evstratov A.V., Peskova O.S. The formation of regional pharmaceutical clusters in modern Russia. RUDN Journal of Economics 2011. № 2. 49–56.
- 3.
Martinenko G.I., Martinenko I.P. Legal protection of competition. Ltd. “Yustitsinform”, 2016. 380–385. (In Russ.) ISBN: 9785720513023.
- 4.
The resolution of the Russian Federation government № 654 issued at 08.08.2009 (ed. on 03.02.2016) “About the improvement of government regulation of prices for medications included into the panel of vital and most important medications”. (In Russ.). Available at: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102131938. Access date: June 2019.
- 5.
State Committee on Tariffs in the Republic of Tatarstan. List of pharmaceutical organizations engaged in the retail sale of VED in the Republic of Tatarstan by type and form of ownership. Available at: http://kt.tatarstan.ru/rus/file/pub/pub_918685.pdf. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 6.
State Committee on Tariffs in the Republic of Tatarstan. List of pharmaceutical organizations engaged in the wholesale sale of VED in the Republic of Tatarstan by type and form of ownership. Available at: http://kt.tatarstan.ru/rus/file/pub/pub_489550.pdf. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 7.
The resolution of the Russian Federation government № 91 issued at 17.02.2011 (In Russ.) “About the federal targeted program ‘Development of pharmaceutical and medical industry in the Russian Federation for the period till 2020 and further perspectives’”. Available at: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102145869. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 8.
World Health Organization. Essential Medicines and Health Products Information Portal. Program of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic on Development of the area of drugs circulation in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2014–2020. (Approved By the Resolution of the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic № 376 as of “8” July 2014). 2014. 1–22 Available at: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/m/abstract/Js23022en/. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 9.
Wirz V.J., Hogerzeil H.V., Gray A.L. et al. (the Lancet Commission on Essential Medicines) Essential medicines for universal health coverage. Lancet. 2017. 389(10067): 403–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31599-9.
- 10.
Wirz V.J., H.H.V., Gray A.L. et al. Essential medicines for universal health coverage. Kazan Medical Journal. 2019. 1 (C), 1–111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/KMJ2019-4.
- 11.
World Health Organization: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Available at: https://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 12.
Health Action International; World Health Organization. Measuring medicine prices, availability, affordability and price components 2nd edition. Available at: http://www.haiweb.org/medicineprices/manual/documents.html. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 13.
MSH. The Management Sciences for Health Price Indicator Guide. 2015. Available at: https://www.msh.org. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 14.
XE Currency Converter. Available at: https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter//. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 15.
The minimum wage established simultaneously throughout the territory of the Russian Federation by federal law. Available at: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201412020012. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 16.
National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic. Standard of living of the population of the Kyrgyz Republic 2013–2017. (In Russ.) Available at: http://www.stat.kg/media/publicationarchive/9f79e4d0-eb39-4013-8544-1784dc6bacd4.pdf. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 17.
Ministry of Justice of the Kyrgyz Republic. Resolution «On Approval of the List of Essential Medicines in the Kyrgyz Republic» issued at 9 October 2012 № 693. (In Russ.). Available at: http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/93116. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 18.
List of vital and essential drugs for medical use in 2019. The order of the Government of the Russian Federation from December 30, 2014. № 2782–173. Available at: https://www.rosminzdrav.ru/documents/8159. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 19.
Ministry of Justice of the Kyrgyz Republic. Resolution “On Approval of the List of Essential Medicines in the Kyrgyz Republic” issued at 9 October 2012. № 693. (In Russ.). Available at: http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/93116. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 20.
State Committee on Tariffs in the Republic of Tatarstan. List of pharmaceutical organizations engaged in the retail sale of VED in the Republic of Tatarstan by type and form of ownership. Available at: http://kt.tatarstan.ru/rus/file/pub/pub_918685.pdf. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 21.
State Committee on Tariffs in the Republic of Tatarstan. List of pharmaceutical organizations engaged in the wholesale sale of VED in the Republic of Tatarstan by type and form of ownership. Available at: http://kt.tatarstan.ru/rus/file/pub/pub_489550.pdf. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 22.
Decree of the Russian Federation government № 654 issued at 08.08.2009 (ed. on 03.02.2016) “About the improvement of government regulation of prices for medications included into the panel of vital and most important medications”. (In Russ.). Available at: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102131938. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 23.
Federal antimonopoly service, Department of Social Control and Trade. Results of the evaluation of affordability of medications on the basis of retail prices analysis and medicines price setting in the Russian Federation (Federal subjects included) and on comparable markets of other countries, including member-countries of the European Union and BRICS. 2013. p. 30–95. (In Russ.) Available at: https://fas.gov.ru/attachment/138241/download?1504613550 Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 24.
Lvov V. Drug discrimination as a state problem. Rossiyskaya Gazeta - Federal issue № 7769 (11). (In Russ.) Available at: https://rg.ru/2019/01/18/lekarstvennaia-diskriminaciia-kak-gosudarstvennaia-problema.html. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 25.
Order of the Government of the Russian Federation on approval of the action plan “Development of competition in health care” issued at 12 January 2018. N. 9-p. (In Russ.) Available at: http://static.government.ru/media/files/vyoWQD6EZYQkBaqKfKFKAPZqqgtmcHDH.pdf. Access date: 25.06.2019.
- 26.
Razzakova Ch.M., Ziganshina L.E., Change in affordability of medication in Kazan in 2011 and 2015 as a reflection of state initiatives to regulate medicines prices. Kazan Medical Journal. 2017. 5822–826. doi: https://doi.org/10.17750/KMJ2017-822.
- 27.
Razzakova C.M., Ziganshina L.E. Cardiovascular medicine prices as an indicator of access to medicines and their rational use. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2019.15(2):215–223. (In Russ.) doi: https://doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-2-215-223.
- 28.
Babar Z.U.D., Ibrahim M.I., Singh H. et al., Evaluating Medicines Prices, Availability, Affordability, and Price Components: Implications for Access to Medicines in Malaysia. PLoS Med 2007. 4(3):e82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040082.
- 29.
Decree of the Russian Federation government № 91 issued at 17.02.2011 (In Russ.) “About the federal targeted program ‘Development of pharmaceutical and medical industry in the Russian Federation for the period till 2020 and further perspectives’”. Available at: http://fcp.economy.gov.ru/cgi-bin/cis/fcp.cgi/Fcp/File/FcpPass/350. Access date: 25.06.2019.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dr. Margaret A. Ewen (HAI) for the support and expert advice at all levels of the Russian/Tatarstan pricing project, Ms. Ekaterina Ivacheva for providing data on drug prices for 2010 and Professor Hans V. Hogerzeil for all the support and inspiration through many happy years with essential medicines.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ziganshina, L.E., Razzakova, C.M., Hasan, S.S., Babar, ZUD. (2020). Access to Medicines: Case Studies from Russia and Kyrgyzstan. In: Babar, ZUD. (eds) Global Pharmaceutical Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2724-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2724-1_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-2723-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2724-1
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)