Abstract
Proof of Work (PoW) protocol for cryptocurrency uses an excessive amount of electricity to secure the network. Many PoW coins do not have sufficient hashing power to secure itself. There are many alternatives to PoW, such as Proof of Stake (PoS), merge-mining etcetera, which uses much less electricity. However, these alternatives have some drawbacks either in terms of security, complexity, and scalability. In this paper, an alternative to Proof of Work (PoW) called “Proof of BID” (PoB) protocol introduced. PoB makes use of existing bitcoin PoW to secure all transactions, thus consuming virtually no electricity. PoB also addresses most of the drawbacks faced by PoW alternatives. We have disclosed a systematic method on how to effectively re-used bitcoin PoW to secure a blockchain with the same level of bitcoin security. A few designs issue to improve the blockchain scalability is given. We have explored various attack scenarios and suggested some remedies.
Keywords
- Blockchain
- Proof of Work
- Proof of Bid
- Consensus
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options




References
de Vries, A.: Bitcoin’s growing energy problem. Joule 2(5), 801–805 (2018)
Poelstra, A.: On Stake and Consensus (2016). https://download.wpsoftware.net/bitcoin/pos.pdf
Bentov, I., Gabizon, A., Mizrahi, A.: Cryptocurrencies without proof of work. In: Clark, J., Meiklejohn, S., Ryan, P.Y.A., Wallach, D., Brenner, M., Rohloff, K. (eds.) FC 2016. LNCS, vol. 9604, pp. 142–157. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53357-4_10
Snider, M., Samani, K., Jain, T.: Delegated proof of stake: features & tradeoff. Multicoin Capital (2018)
Bentov, I., Lee, C., Mizrahi, A., Rosenfeld, M.: Proof of activity: extending Bitcoin’s proof of work via proof of stake. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 2014, p. 452 (2014)
Milutinovic, M., He, W., Wu, H., Kanwal, M.: Proof of luck: an efficient blockchain consensus protocol. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop System Software Trusted Execution (SysTEX), pp. 1–6 (2016)
Colin, L.M.: Nano: a feeless distributed cryptocurrency. Network. https://nano.org/en/whitepaper
Sompolinsky, Y., Zohar, A.: PHANTOM: a scalable BlockDAG protocol. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 2018, p. 104 (2018)
Sompolinsky, Y., Lewenberg, Y., Zohar, A.: Spectre: a fast and scalable cryptocurrency protocol. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 2016, p. 1159 (2016)
Sompolinsky, Y., Zohar, A.: Secure high-rate transaction processing in Bitcoin. In: Böhme, R., Okamoto, T. (eds.) FC 2015. LNCS, vol. 8975, pp. 507–527. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47854-7_32
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Proof_of_burn. Accessed 11 May 2019
Sidechains, Drivechains, and RSK 2-Way peg Design. https://www.rsk.co/noticia/sidechains-drivechains-and-rsk-2-way-peg-design. Accessed 11 May 2019
P4Titan. SlimCoin.: A Peer-to-peer Crypto-Currency with Proof-of-Burn. Mining without powerful hardware, 17 May (2014)
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Merged_mining_specification. Accessed 11 May 2019
Judmayer, A., Zamyatin, A., Stifter, N., Voyiatzis, A.G., Weippl, E.: Merged mining: curse or cure? In: Garcia-Alfaro, J., Navarro-Arribas, G., Hartenstein, H., Herrera-Joancomartí, J. (eds.) ESORICS/DPM/CBT -2017. LNCS, vol. 10436, pp. 316–333. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67816-0_18
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLAKE_(hash_function). Accessed 11 May 2019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gossip_protocol. Accessed 11 May 2019
Adams, C., Cain, P., Pinkas, D., Zuccherato, R.: Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Time-Stamp Protocol (TSP). RFC 3161, August 2001
Pinkas, D., Pope, N., Ross, J.: Policy Requirements for Time-Stamping Authorities (TSAs), RFC 3628, November 2003
http://bitcoinstats.com/network/propagation. Accessed 11 May 2019
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chan, W.K., Chin, JJ., Goh, V.T. (2020). Proof of Bid as Alternative to Proof of Work. In: Anbar, M., Abdullah, N., Manickam, S. (eds) Advances in Cyber Security. ACeS 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1132. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2693-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2693-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-2692-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2693-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)