Abstract
International conflicts of interests existed within the IMPACT established under the initiative of WHO. In addition, the emerging and developing world had an emotional dissatisfaction with the developed world. Important roles in the Secretariat of IMPACT were all allocated to developed countries. Emerging and developing countries were excluded from the management of IMPACT although they were also involved in counterfeit-related problems. The quality issue was an extremely emotional issue. The IMPACT led by WHO reached deadlock within only a few years of its establishment. This fact is essential for understanding the problems with poor quality medicines. How the IMPACT reached deadlock should enable us to identify factors that complicated the problems. As far as the authors know, no reports have so far discussed the problems associated with poor quality medicines from the viewpoint of the failure of IMPACT. In this chapter, the authors discuss the relationship between the deadlock of IMPACT and the globally rising events and tides that occurred in conjunction with WHO/IMPACT and pharmaceutical products, as discussed in the previous chapter.
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Notes
- 1.
Interview conducted by the author on May 4, 2014 in Tokyo.
- 2.
The game theory indicates that when there are multiple actors among whom their interests conflict, it is extremely cumbersome to specify an optimal, reasonable act in that situation (Simon 1996).
- 3.
This is a global quality assurance program for medicines and is commissioned by the United Nations to the WHO (2013b). In this program, on the basis of an Expression of Interest (EOI) submitted by a company, document-based review on the product concerned and auditing to determine whether the manufacturing plant complies with WHO-GMP or not will be performed.
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Kimura, S., Nakamura, Y. (2020). A Dead End of IMPACT. In: Poor Quality Pharmaceuticals in Global Public Health. Trust, vol 5. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2089-1_6
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