Abstract
Perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PmVSD) is the most common type of VSD accounting for about 70% of the total cases of VSD and typically is treated by surgery. At present, percutaneous VSD closure needs to be performed under fluoroscopic guidance, with exposure to radiation. In addition, the contrast agent used for angiography may induce renal injury or allergic reaction, and the potential increased risk of complications. Echocardiography is a noninvasive imaging modality that allows assessment of valve function and measurement of blood flow velocity and pressure gradient in real time. We have practiced and proved that percutaneous VSD closure can also be performed under the guidance of echocardiography without the use of X-rays. This chapter introduces how to perform PAN procedure for VSD from femoral artery.
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References
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Pan, X., Hijazi, Z.M., Sievert, H. (2020). Echocardiography-Guided Interventional Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect by Femoral Artery Approach. In: Percutaneous and Non-fluoroscopical (PAN) Procedure for Structural Heart Disease. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2055-6_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2055-6_6
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Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-2054-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2055-6
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