Abstract
Atrial septal defect (ASD) occurs in an estimated 0.67% of live births and 6–10% of individuals with congenital heart disease. The sex ratio is 1:2–1:3, and it is more common among females. This chapter describes percutaneous interventional closure of ostium secundum ASD, which accounts for 80% of ASD, with ostium primum and sinus venosus ASD accounting for 10%, respectively. This chapter introduces how to perform PAN procedure for ASD and PFO.
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References
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Pan, X., Hijazi, Z.M., Sievert, H. (2020). Echocardiography-Guided Interventional Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale Closure by Femoral Vein Approach. In: Percutaneous and Non-fluoroscopical (PAN) Procedure for Structural Heart Disease. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2055-6_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2055-6_4
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Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-2054-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-2055-6
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