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Physical Exercise for Human Health pp 91–105Cite as

Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes

Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB,volume 1228)

Abstract

The epidemic of diabetes mellitus has already become a serious global health threat. In the past three decades, the number of people with diabetes mellitus has quadrupled globally, and diabetes mellitus is known as the ninth major cause of death in the world nowadays. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is in coincidence with the augmentation of obesity in most developed countries as well as in developing countries. A sedentary lifestyle is well-known as one of the major reasons for the rising epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus besides the other reasons such as adopting energy-dense diets relative to the actual need for energy and population aging. Exercise as a regular physical activity at a medium to vigorous intensity is found to be an efficient influencer that would switch back most of the known type 2 diabetes mellitus factors toward healthier positions. Exercise is proven to have clinical benefits, such as improved insulin sensitivity, reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) and increased peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) which are definitely preventive toward diabetes. Exercise training can favorably affect glycemic parameters, the lipid profile, blood pressure, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Exercise improves blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes, reduces cardiovascular risk factors, and regulates body weight by reducing body fat percentage and enhancing lean mass. In this chapter, the effect of regular exercise on the prevention of diabetes and short-term glucose and energy metabolism will be discussed. In addition, the effect of exercise on most common complications of type 2 diabetes including cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy will be reviewed.

Keywords

  • Exercise
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • Insulin resistance
  • Physical activity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran

    Sasan Amanat

  2. Department of Sport Physiology, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

    Simin Ghahri

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Aria Dianatinasab

  4. Faculty of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Mohammad Fararouei

  5. Department of Epidemiology, Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran

    Mostafa Dianatinasab

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  1. Sasan Amanat
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  2. Simin Ghahri
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  3. Aria Dianatinasab
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Correspondence to Mostafa Dianatinasab .

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  1. Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China

    Junjie Xiao

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Amanat, S., Ghahri, S., Dianatinasab, A., Fararouei, M., Dianatinasab, M. (2020). Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes. In: Xiao, J. (eds) Physical Exercise for Human Health. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1228. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_6

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