Abstract
Cotton industry is an important sector of the economy in all agriculture-based countries. Nevertheless, cotton production is constantly endangered by pathogens that cause considerable economic losses. Worldwide, numerous different diseases have been identified in cotton. Fusarium and Verticillium wilt, Alternaria leaf spot and seedling diseases, boll rot, leaf curl disease, and bacterial blight are the major constraints to the cotton fiber production. Maintaining the disease incidence at low level is the ultimate preference of the researchers. Understanding the etiology is the main factor to estimate the economic impact of diseases, which eventually helps to develop the management strategies. Presently, cotton leaf curl has emerged as main risk to all cotton-growing areas because of the changes in viral disease complex. In this chapter, brief history of the major diseases, the host-pathogen interactions, the taxonomy of the recognized causal agents, and different control strategies applicable to each disease including some rising techniques such as genome modification for enhanced resistance are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas Q, Ahmad S (2018) Effect of different sowing times and cultivars on cotton fiber quality under stable cotton-wheat cropping system in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Pak J Life Soc Sci 16:77–84
Ahmad S, Abbas Q, Abbas G, Fatima Z, Atique-ur-Rehman NS, Younis H, Khan RJ, Nasim W, Habib ur Rehman M, Ahmad A, Rasul G, Khan MA, Hasanuzzaman M (2017) Quantification of climate warming and crop management impacts on cotton phenology. Plants 6(7):1–16
Ahmad S, Iqbal M, Muhammad T, Mehmood A, Ahmad S, Hasanuzzaman M (2018) Cotton productivity enhanced through transplanting and early sowing. Acta Sci Biol Sci 40:e34610
Ahmad S, Raza I (2014) Optimization of management practices to improve cotton fiber quality under irrigated arid environment. J Food Agric Environ 2(2):609–613
Ahmad S, Raza I, Ali H, Shahzad AN, Atiq-ur-Rehman SN (2014) Response of cotton crop to exogenous application of glycinebetaine under sufficient and scarce water conditions. Braz J Bot 37(4):407–415
Akello B, Hillocks RJ (2002) Distribution and races of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Malvacearum on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Uganda. J Phytopathol 150:65–69
Akhtar S, Tahir MN, Baloch GR, Javaid S, Khan AQ, Amin I, Briddon RW, Mansoor S (2014) Regional changes in the sequence of cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite. Viruses 6:2186–2203
Ali H, Abid SA, Ahmad S, Sarwar N, Arooj M, Mahmood A, Shahzad AN (2013a) Integrated weed management in cotton cultivated in the alternate-furrow planting system. J Food Agric Environ 11(3&4):1664–1669
Ali H, Abid SA, Ahmad S, Sarwar N, Arooj M, Mahmood A, Shahzad AN (2013b) Impact of integrated weed management on flat-sown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J Anim Plant Sci 23(4):1185–1192
Ali H, Afzal MN, Ahmad F, Ahmad S, Akhtar M, Atif R (2011) Effect of sowing dates, plant spacing and nitrogen application on growth and productivity on cotton crop. Int J Sci Eng Res 2(9):1–6
Ali H, Hameed RA, Ahmad S, Shahzad AN, Sarwar N (2014a) Efficacy of different techniques of nitrogen application on American cotton under semi-arid conditions. J Food Agric Environ 12(1):157–160
Ali H, Hussain GS, Hussain S, Shahzad AN, Ahmad S, Javeed HMR, Sarwar N (2014b) Early sowing reduces cotton leaf curl virus occurrence and improves cotton productivity. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova XLVII(4):71–81
Ali Z, Abulfaraj A, Idris A, Ali S, Tashkandi M, Mahfouz MM (2015) CRISPR/Cas9-mediated viral interference in plants. Genome Biol 16:238
Ali Z, Ali S, Tashkandi M, Zaidi SS, Mahfouz MM (2016) CRISPR/Cas9-mediated immunity to geminiviruses: differential interference and evasion. Sci Rep 6:26912
Allen RM, Tucker H, Nelson RA (1960) Leaf crumple disease of cotton in Arizona. Plant Dis Rep 44:246–250
Amin A, Nasim W, Mubeen M, Ahmad A, Nadeem M, Urich P, Fahad S, Ahmad S, Wajid A, Tabassum F, Hammad HM, Sultana SR, Anwar S, Baloch SK, Wahid A, Wilkerson CJ, Hoogenboom G (2018) Simulated CSM-CROPGRO-cotton yield under projected future climate by SimCLIM for southern Punjab, Pakistan. Agric Syst 167:213–222
Amin A, Nasim W, Mubeen M, Nadeem M, Ali L, Hammad HM, Sultana SR, Jabran K, Habib ur Rehman M, Ahmad S, Awais M, Rasool A, Fahad S, Saud S, Shah AN, Ihsan Z, Ali S, Bajwa AA, Hakeem KR, Ameen A, Amanullah, Rehman HU, Alghabar F, Jatoi GH, Akram M, Khan A, Islam F, Ata-Ul-Karim ST, Rehmani MIA, Hussain S, Razaq M, Fathi A (2017) Optimizing the phosphorus use in cotton by using CSM-CROPGRO-cotton model for semi-arid climate of Vehari-Punjab, Pakistan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(6):5811–5823
Amin I, Hussain K, Akbergenov R, Yadav JS, Qazi J, Mansoor S, Hohn T, Fauquet CM, Briddon RW (2011) Suppressors of RNA silencing encoded by the components of the cotton leaf curl begomovirus-betasatellite complex. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 24:973–983
Amin I, Mansoor S, Amrao L, Hussain M, Irum S, Zafar Y, Bull SE, Briddon RW (2006) Mobilisation into cotton and spread of a recombinant cotton leaf curl disease satellite. Arch Virol 151:2055–2065
Amrao L, Akhter S, Tahir MN, Amin I, Briddon RW, Mansoor S (2010b) Cotton leaf curl disease in Sindh province of Pakistan is associated with recombinant begomovirus components. Virus Res 153:161–165
Amrao L, Amin I, Shahid SM, Briddon RW, Mansoor S (2010a) Cotton leaf curl disease in resistant cotton is associated with a single begomovirus that lacks an intact transcriptional activator protein. Virus Res 152:153–163
Amudha J, Balasubramani G, Malathi VG, Monga D, Kranthi KR (2011) Cotton leaf curl virus resistance transgenics with antisense coat protein gene (AV1). Curr Sci 101:300–307
Atkinson CF (1892) Some disease of cotton: 3. Frenching. Bull Alabama Agric Exp Station 41:19–29
Atkinson GF (1891) Black rust of cotton: a preliminary note. Bot Gaz 16:61–65
Baltes NJ, Hummel AW, Konecna E, Cegan R, Bruns AN, Bisaro DM, Voytas DF (2015) Conferring resistance to geminiviruses with the CRISPR-Cas prokaryotic immune system. Nat Plants 1:15145
Bashan Y (1984) Transmission of Alternaria macrospora in the cotton seeds. J Phytopathol 110:110–118
Bashan Y (1986) Phenols in cotton resistant seedling and susceptible to Alternaria macrospora. J Phytopathol 116:1–10
Bashi E, Rotem J, Hans P, Kranz J (1983) Influence of controlled environment and age on development of Alternaria macrospora and on shedding of leaves in cotton. Phytopathology 73:1145–1147
Bayles MB, Verhalen LM (2007) Bacterial blight reactions of sixty-one upland cotton cultivars. J Cotton Sci 11:40–51
Bell AA (1992) Biology and ecology of Verticillium dahliae. In: Lyda SD (ed) Comparative pathology of Sclerotial-forming plant pathogens: a Phymatotrichum Omnivorum symposium. Texas A & M University Press, College Station
Bhutta AR, Bhatti MAR (1983) Incidence of bacterial blight of cotton and reaction of different cultivars to Xanthomonas pv. Malvacearum. Pak Cottons 27(I):75–78
Briddon RW, Bull SE, Amin I, Idris AM, Mansoor S, Bedford ID, Dhawan P, Rishi N, Siwatch SS, Abdel-Salam AM, Brown JK, Zafar Y, Markham PG (2003) Diversity of DNA ß, a satellite molecule associated with some monopartite begomoviruses. Virology 312:106–121
Briddon RW, Bull SE, Amin I, Mansoor S, Bedford ID, Rishi N, Siwatch SS, Zafar Y, Abdel-Salam AM, Markham PG (2004) Diversity of DNA 1: a satellite-like molecule associated with monopartite begomovirus-DNA ß complexes. Virology 324:462–474
Briddon RW, Mansoor S, Bedford ID, Pinner MS, Saunders K, Stanley J, Zafar Y, Malik KA, Markham PG (2001) Identification of DNA components required for induction of cotton leaf curl disease. Virology 285:234–243
Briddon RW, Markham PG (2000) Cotton leaf curl virus disease. Virus Res 71:151–159
Briddon RW, Martin DP, Roumagnac P, Navas-Castillo J, Fiallo-Olivé E, Moriones E, Lett JM, Zerbini FM, Varsani A (2018) Alphasatellitidae: a new family with two subfamilies for the classification of geminivirus- and nanovirus-associated alphasatellites. Arch Virol 163:2587–2600
Briddon RW, Stanley J (2006) Subviral agents associated with plant single-stranded DNA viruses. Virology 344:198–210
Brown EA, McCarter SM (1976) Effect of seedling disease caused by the Rhizoctonia solani on subsequent growth and yield of cotton. Phytopathology 66:111–115
Brown HB, Ware JO (1958) Cotton, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, p 411
Brown JK, Mihail JD, Nelson MR (1987) Effects of cotton leaf crumple virus on cotton inoculated at different growth stages. Plant Dis 71:699–703
Chellappan P, Masona MV, Vanitharani R, Taylor NJ, Fauquet CM (2004) Broad spectrum resistance to ssDNA viruses associated with transgene- induced gene silencing in cassava. Plant Mol Biol 56:601–611
Chidambaram P, Kannan A (1989) Grey mildew of cotton. Tech Bull Central Inst Cotton Res Regional Station Coimbatore, India
Chohan S, Abid M (2018) First report of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex associated with boll rot of cotton in Pakistan. Plant Dis 103:151
Cook OF (1924) Acromania or ‘crazy top’, a growth disorder of cotton. J Agric Res 28:803–828
Cook RJ (1981) Fusarium disease in the People’s republic of China. In: Nelson PE, Toussoun TA, Cook RJ (eds) Fusarium diseases: biology and control. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park and London, pp 53–55
Delannoy E, Lyon BR, Marmey P, Jalloul A, Daniel JF, Montillet JL, Essenberg M, Nicole M (2005) Resistance of cotton towards Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Malvacearum. Annu Rev Phytopathol 43:63–82
Devay JE, Garber RH, Matherson D (1982) Role of Pythium species in the seedling disease complex of cotton in California. Plant Dis 66:151–154
Dickson RC, Johnson MM, Laird EF (1954) Leaf crumple, a virus disease of cotton. Phytopathology 44:479–480
Dzhamalov A (1973) Irrigation and Alternaria leaf spot of cotton. Zaschita Rastenii 12:48
Ehetisham-ul-Haq M, Khan MA, Javed MT, Atiq M, Rashid A (2014) Management of newly emerging bacterial seed and boll rot of cotton with antibiotics, homeopathic products and plant extracts. J Tropic Agric 92:196–206
Ehrlich J, Wolf FA (1983) Areolate mildew of cotton. Phytopathology 22:229–240
Ellis MB (1971) Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CAB International, Wallingford, p 608
Erdoğan O, Bölek Y, Göre ME (2016) Biological control of cotton seedling diseases by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Tar Bil Der 22(3):398–407
Evans G (1967) Verticillium wilt of cotton the situation in the Namoi Valley. Agric Gaz N S W 78:581–583
Fedorinchik NS (1964) Biological method of controlling plant diseases. Vses Naucb -Issled Inst Zashch Rast Tr 23:201–210
Ferro CG, Silva JP, Xavier CAD, Godinho MT, Lima ATM, Mar TB, Lau D, Zerbini FM (2017) The ever increasing diversity of begomoviruses infecting non-cultivated hosts: new species from Sida spp. and Leonurus sibiricus, plus two New World alphasatellites. Ann Appl Biol 170:204–218
Fiallo-Olivé E, Martínez-Zubiaur Y, Moriones E, Navas-Castillo J (2012) A novel class of DNA satellites associated with New World begomoviruses. Virology 426:1–6
Follen JC, Goebel S (1973) Rots of cotton capsules in irrigated crops in Côte d'Ivoire. Relationship with varietal characteristics, irrigation method and date of sowing. Cott Trop Fibers 28(3):401–407
Globus GA, Muromtsev GS (1990) The use of Gliocladium roseum as antagonist for defense of cotton from phytopathogenic fungi. In: Proceedings of the fifth international verticillium symposium, Leningrad, USSR, p. 90
Gouws MA, Prinsloo GC, Van der Linde EJ (2001) First report of Mycosphaerella areola, teleomorph of Ramulariopsis gossypii, on cotton in South Africa. Afr Plant Prot 7(2):115–116
Hashmi JA, Zafar Y, Arshad M, Mansoor S, Asad S (2011) Engineering cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for resistance to cotton leaf curl disease using viral truncated AC1 DNA sequences. Virus Genes 42:286–296
Hillocks RJ (1991) Alternaria leaf spot of cotton with special reference to Zimbabwe. Trop Pest Manag 37(2):124–128
Hillocks RJ (1992) Cotton diseases. Melksham UK, pp. 39–86
Hopkins JCE (1932) Some disease of cotton in southern Rhodesia. Empire Cotton Growing Rev 9:109–118
Hudson J (2000) Seed rot hits South Carolina cotton. Southeast Farm Press. Available via http://southeastfarmpress.com/mag/farming_seed_rot_hits/. Accessed June 2018
Huisman OC, Gerik JS (1989) Dynamic of colonization of plant roots by Verticillium dahlia and other fungi. In: Tjamos EC, Beckman CH (eds) Vascular wilt disease of plants, NATO ASI (series H: cell biology), vol 28. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 1–17
Idris A, Al-Saleh M, Amer M, Abdalla O, Brown JK (2014) Introduction of cotton leaf curl Gezira virus into the United Arab Emirates. Plant Dis 98:1593
Idris AM, Brown JK (2002) Molecular analysis of cotton leaf curl virus-Sudan reveals an evolutionary history of recombination. Virus Genes 24:249–256
Innes NL (1983) Bacterial blight of cotton. Biol Rev 58:157–176
Iqbal Z, Sattar MN, Shafiq M (2016) CRISPR/Cas9: a tool to circumscribe cotton leaf curl disease. Front Plant Sci 7:475
Javaid S, Amin I, Jander G, Mukhtar Z, Saeed NA, Mansoor S (2016) A transgenic approach to control hemipteran insects by expressing insecticidal genes under phloem-specific promoters. Sci Rep 6:34706
Ji X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao C (2015) Establishing a CRISPR-Cas-like immune system conferring DNA virus resistance in plants. Nat Plants 1:15144
Jones GH (1928) An Alternaria disease of the cotton plant. Ann Bot 42:935–947
Juárez M, Tovar R, Fiallo-Olivé E, Aranda MA, Gosálvez B, Castillo P, Moriones E, Navas-Castillo J (2014) First detection of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus infecting zucchini in Spain. Plant Dis 98:857
Kamel M, Ibrahim AN, Kamal SA, El-fahl AM (1971) Spore germination of Alternaria leaf spot disease. U A R J Bot 14:245–254
Khan AJ, Akhtar S, Al-Shihi AA, Al-Hinai FM, Briddon RW (2012) Identification of cotton leaf curl Gezira virus in papaya in Oman. Plant Dis 96:1704
Khan MA, Khan HA, Ilyas MB, Rashid A (1999) Correlation of environmental conditions with bacterial blight disease on six commercially grown cotton cultivars in five districts of the Punjab. Pak J Agric Sci 36(1–2):1–5
Khan MB, Khaliq A, Ahmad S (2004) Performance of mashbean intercropped in cotton planted in different planting patterns. J Res (Sci) 15(2):191–197
King CJ, Barker HD (1934) An interval collar rot on cotton. Phytopathology 29:75
Kirkpatrick TL, Rothrock CS (2001) Compendium of cotton diseases, 2nd edn. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, p 77
Kirkpatrick TW (1931) Further studies on leaf-curl of cotton in the Sudan. Bull Entomol Res 22:323–363
Kirthi N, Priyadarshini CG, Sharma P, Maiya SP, Hemalatha V, Sivaraman P, Dhawan P, Rishi N, Savithri HS (2004) Genetic variability of begomoviruses associated with cotton leaf curl disease originating from India. Arch Virol 149:2047–2057
Klich MA (1986) Mycoflora of cotton seeds from southern USA. A three-year study of distribution and frequency. Mycologia 78:706–712
Leke WN, Khatabi B, Mignouna DB, Brown JK, Fondong VN (2016) Complete genome sequence of a new bipartite begomovirus infecting cotton in the Republic of Benin in West Africa. Arch Virol 161:2329–2333
Mansoor S, Amrao L, Amin I, Briddon RW, Malik KA, Zafar Y (2006) First report of cotton leaf curl disease in central and southern Sindh province in Pakistan. Plant Dis 90:826
Mansoor S, Briddon RW, Bull SE, Bedford ID, Bashir A, Hussain M, Saeed M, Zafar Y, Malik KA, Fauquet C, Markham PG (2003) Cotton leaf curl disease is associated with multiple monopartite begomoviruses supported by single DNA β. Arch Virol 148:1969–1986
Mansoor S, Khan SH, Bashir A, Saeed M, Zafar Y, Malik KA, Briddon RW, Stanley J, Markham PG (1999) Identification of a novel circular single-stranded DNA associated with cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan. Virology 259:190–199
Mauney JR, Scottsdale AZ, Stewart JMcD (2003) Embryo development in bolls exhibiting the “Hollow Seed” syndrome in South Carolina. In: 2003 Beltwide Cotton Conference, Nashville, TN January 6–10, pp. 1653–1655
Mauney JR, Scottsdale AZ, Stewart JMcD, Fayetteville AR, Jones M (2004) Onset and progression of the “Hollow Seed” (seed rot) Malady of South Carolina. In: 2004 Beltwide Cotton Conference, San Antonio, TX, January 5–9, pp. 1967–1969
Mccarter SM, Roncardi RW, Crawford JL (1970) Microorganisms associated with Aspergillus flavus boll rot in Georgia. Plant Dis Resporter 54:586–590
McSpadden Gardener BB, Fravel DR (2002) Biological control of plant pathogens: research, commercialization, and application in the USA. Plant Health Prog. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-2002-0510-01-RV
Menlikiev NY (1962) Fusarium wilt of fine-staple cotton and a study of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum strains as the causal agent of the disease in conditions of the Vakash Valley. Rev Appl Mycol 43:3381
Mnari-Hattab M, Zammouri S, Belkadhi MS, Doña DB, ben Nahia E, Hajlaoui MR (2015) First report of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus infecting cucurbits in Tunisia. New Dis Rep 31:21
Mohan SK (1983) Seed transmission and epidemiology of Xanthamonas campestris pv. Malvacearum. Seed Sci Technol 11:569–571
Nawaz-ul-Rehman MS, Briddon RW, Fauquet CM (2012) A melting pot of Old World begomoviruses and their satellites infecting a collection of Gossypium species in Pakistan. PLoS One 7:e40050
Nawaz-ul-Rehman MS, Nahid N, Mansoor S, Briddon RW, Fauquet CM (2010) Post-transcriptional gene silencing suppressor activity of two non-pathogenic alphasatellites associated with a begomovirus. Virology 405:300–308
Nemli T, Sayar I (2002) Aydin Söke region the prevalence of cotton-depleting disease the factors and prevention of the possibility of investigation. Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey the TARP-2535 Ankara, p. 57
Panno S, Iacono G, Davino M, Marchione S, Zappardo V, Bella P, Tomassoli L, Accotto GP, Davino S (2016) First report of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus affecting zucchini squash in an important horticultural area of southern Italy. New Dis Rep 33:6
Paprotka T, Metzler V, Jeske H (2010) The first DNA 1-like alpha satellites in association with New World begomoviruses in natural infections. Virology 404:148–157
Paulwetter RC (1918) The Alternaria leaf spot of cotton. Phytopathology 8:98–115
Pleban S, Ingel F, Chet I (1995) Control of R. solani and S. rolfsii in the greenhouse using Endophytic bacillus spp. Eur J Plant Pathol 101(6):665–672
Pooggin M, Shivaprasad PV, Veluthambi K, Hohn T (2003) RNAi targeting of DNA virus in plants. Nat Biotechnol 21:131–132
Qazi J, Amin I, Mansoor S, Iqbal MJ, Briddon RW (2007) Contribution of the satellite encoded gene betaC1 to cotton leaf curl disease symptoms. Virus Res 128:135–139
Rahman MH, Ahmad A, Wang X, Wajid A, Nasim W, Hussain M, Ahmad B, Ahmad I, Ali Z, Ishaque W, Awais M, Shelia V, Ahmad S, Fahad S, Alam M, Ullah H, Hoogenboom G (2018) Multi-model projections of future climate and climate change impacts uncertainty assessment for cotton production in Pakistan. Agric For Meteorol 253-254:94–113
Rajagopalan PA, Naik A, Katturi P, Kurulekar M, Kankanallu RS, Anandalakshmi R (2012) Dominance of resistance-breaking cotton leaf curl Burewala virus (CLCuBuV) in northwestern India. Arch Virol 157:855–868
Ramapandu S, Sitaramaiah K, Subbarao K, Prasada Rao MP (1979) Screening of cotton germplasm against bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Malvacearum. Indian Phytopathol 32:486–487
Rane MS, Patel MK (1956) Diseases of cotton in Bombay 1. Alternaria leaf spot. Indian Phytopathol 9:106–113
Raza A, Malik HJ, Shafiq M, Amin I, Scheffler JA, Scheffler BE, Mansoor S (2016) RNA interference based approach to down regulate osmoregulators of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci): potential technology for the control of whitefly. PLoS One 11:e0153883
Reddy RVC, Muniyappa V, Colvin J, Seal S (2005) A new begomovirus isolated from Gossypium barbadense in southern India. Plant Pathol 54:570–570
Ren YZ, Liu YQ, Ding SL, Li GY, Zhang H (2008) First report of boll rot of cotton caused by Pantoea agglomerans in China. Plant Dis 92:1364–1364
Ridgway RL, Bell AA, Veech JA, Chandler JM (1984) Cotton protection practices in the USA and the world, pp. 265–365. In: Kohel RJ, Lewis CF (eds) Cotton. American Society of Agronomy/Crop Science Society of America/Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp 226–365
Romay G, Chirinos D, Geraud-Pouey F, Desbiez C (2010) Association of an atypical alphasatellite with a bipartite New World begomovirus. Arch Virol 155:1843–1847
Ruiz ML, Simón A, Velasco L, García MC, Janssen D (2015) First report of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus infecting tomato in Spain. Plant Dis 99:894
Saeed M, Zafar Y, Randles JW, Rezaian MA (2007) A monopartite begomovirus-associated DNA ß satellite substitutes for the DNA B of a bipartite begomovirus to permit systemic infection. J Gen Virol 88:2881–2889
Sangeetha KD, Ashtaputre SA (2015) Morphological and cultural variability in isolates of Alternaria sp. causing leaf blight of cotton. Karnataka J Agric Sci 28(2):214–219
Sattar MN, Iqbal Z, Tahir MN, Ullah S (2017) The prediction of a new CLCuD epidemic in the Old World. Front Microbiol 8:631
Sattar MN, Kvarnheden A, Saeed M, Briddon RW (2013) Cotton leaf curl disease–an emerging threat to cotton production worldwide. J Gen Virol 94:695–710
Saunders K, Stanley J (1999) A nanovirus-like component associated with yellow vein disease of Ageratum conyzoides: evidence for interfamilial recombination between plant DNA viruses. Virology 264:142–152
Schnathorst WC (1981) Life cycle and epidemiology of verticillium. In: Mace ME, Bell AA, Beckman CH (eds) Fungal wilt disease of plants. Academic Press, New York, pp 81–111
Sharma YR, Sandhu BS (1985) A new fungus associated with boll rot of G. arboreum cotton. Curr Sci 54:936
Shen CY (1985) Integrated management of Fusarium and Verticillium wilt of cotton in China. Crop Prot 4:337–345
Shukla AK, Upadhyay SK, Mishra M, Saurabh S, Singh R, Singh H, Thakur N, Rai P, Pandey P, Hans AL, Srivastava S, Rajapure V, Yadav SK, Singh MK, Kumar J, Chandrashekar K, Verma PC, Singh AP, Nair KN, Bhadauria S, Wahajuddin M, Singh S, Sharma S, Omkar URS, Ranade SA, Tuli PK, Singh PK (2016) Expression of an insecticidal fern protein in cotton protects against whitefly. Nat Biotechnol 34:1046–1051
Snyder WC, Hansen HN (1940) The species concept in Fusarium. Am J Bot 27:64–67
Stanley J (1983) Infectivity of the cloned geminivirus genome requires sequences from both DNAs. Nature 305:643–645
Stewart J (2007) Boll development and seed rot. In: World Cotton Research Conference-4, Lubbock, TX, USA, 10–14 September, 2007. International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC)
Tahir MN, Amin I, Briddon RW, Mansoor S (2011) The merging of two dynasties - identification of an African cotton leaf curl disease-associated begomovirus with cotton in Pakistan. PLoS One 6:e20366
Tariq M, Afzal MN, Muhammad D, Ahmad S, Shahzad AN, Kiran A, Wakeel A (2018) Relationship of tissue potassium content with yield and fiber quality components of Bt cotton as influenced by potassium application methods. Field Crop Res 229:37–43
Tariq M, Yasmeen A, Ahmad S, Hussain N, Afzal MN, Hasanuzzaman M (2017) Shedding of fruiting structures in cotton: factors, compensation and prevention. Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst 20(2):251–262
Thaxton PM, Zik KME (2001) Bacterial blight. In: Kirkpatrick TL, Rothrock CS (eds) Compendium of cotton diseases, 2nd edn. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, pp 34–35
Usman M, Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Irshad M, Khaliq T, Wajid A, Hussain K, Nasim W, Chattha TM, Trethowan R, Hoogenboom G (2009) Development and application of crop water stress index for scheduling irrigation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under semiarid environment. J Food Agric Environ 7(3&4):386–391
van Schaik PH, Erwin DC, Garber MJ (1962) Effects of time on symptom expression of the leaf-crumple virus on yield and quality of fiber cotton. Crop Sci 2:275–277
Venkatesh I, Darvin G (2016) An overview on cotton Alternaria leaf spot and its management. Int J Appl Bio Pharm Tech 7(2):135
Verma JP (1986) Bacterial blight of cotton. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 278–279
Voloudakis AE, Marmey P, Delannoy E, Jalloul A, Martinez C, Nicole M (2006) Molecular cloning and characterization of (Gossypium hirsutum) superoxide dismutase genes during cotton Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Malvacearum interaction. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 68:119–127
Waghunde RR, Patel UT, Vahunia B (2018) Morphological and cultural variability of Alternaria Macrospora causing leaf blight in cotton. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 7(3):3096–3099
Wang C, Wang D, Zhou Q (2004) Colonization and persistence of a plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CS85 on roots of cotton seedlings. Can J Microbiol 50(7):475–481
Yasmeen A, Kiani S, Butt A, Rao AQ, Akram F, Ahmad A, Nasir IA, Husnain T, Mansoor S, Amin I, Aftab S, Zubair M, Tahir MN, Akhtar S, Scheffler J, Scheffler B (2016) Amplicon-based RNA interference targeting V2 gene of cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala strain can provide resistance in transgenic cotton plants. Mol Biotechnol 58:807–820
Zaidi SS, Briddon RW, Mansoor S (2017) Engineering dual begomovirus-Bemisia tabaci resistance in plants. Trends Plant Sci 22:6–8
Zaidi SSA, Iqbal Z, Amin I, Mansoor S (2015) First report of tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus, a bipartite begomovirus on cotton showing leaf curl symptoms in Pakistan. Plant Dis 99:1655
Zaidi SSA, Shafiq M, Amin I, Scheffler BE, Scheffler JA, Briddon RW, Mansoor S (2016) Frequent occurrence of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus in cotton leaf curl disease affected cotton in Pakistan. PLoS One 11:e0155520
Zammouri S, Zaagueri T, Eddouzi J, Belkhadhi MS, Hajlaoui MR, Mnari-Hattab M (2017) First report of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus on tomato crop in Tunisia. J Plant Pathol 99:799–818
Zhou X (2013) Advances in understanding begomovirus satellites. Annu Rev Phytopathol 51:357–381
Zhou X, Liu Y, Robinson DJ, Harrison BD (1998) Four DNA-A variants among Pakistani isolates of cotton leaf curl virus and their affinities to DNA-A of geminivirus isolates from okra. J Gen Virol 79:915–923
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chohan, S., Perveen, R., Abid, M., Tahir, M.N., Sajid, M. (2020). Cotton Diseases and Their Management. In: Ahmad, S., Hasanuzzaman, M. (eds) Cotton Production and Uses. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1472-2_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1472-2_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-1471-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-1472-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)