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Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment pp 245–266Cite as

Biopolymers and Their Application in Wastewater Treatment

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Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 18))

Abstract

Due to heavy industrialization and urbanization, the conservation of the environment has become increasingly important in view of the raised ecological problems. The discharge of huge quantities of effluents from industries and municipalities into rivers and lakes makes the condition vulnerable for sustainable life. The presence of organic toxics such as dyes and heavy metals, such as chromium, mercury, cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, lead, zinc and tin, in our water resources may cause serious health hazards to living organisms. Various technologies for removal of toxic chemicals and ions from industrial and agricultural effluents have been introduced such as adsorption, coagulation, flocculation, precipitation, co-precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange and membrane technology. However, most of these techniques require synthetic toxic reagents which are expensive too and hence the capital cost for treatment increases. The wide availability, biodegradability, non-toxicity and relatively inexpensiveness of biopolymers present an attractive alternative to such toxic synthetic and chemical products. In this context, several biopolymers were chemically refined to work as cationic or anionic agents for wastewater treatment. The book chapter summarizes the research carried out on the use of biopolymers to remove heavy metal and toxic chemicals from solutions and effluents. The various biopolymers (e.g. cellulose, chitosan, tannin, alginate, gums and mucilage), their classification, mechanisms of action, factors and their application in wastewater treatment in the scientific literature are analysed and compiled.

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Acknowledgement

The author is thankful to the Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi (Project No. BT/PR21245/AAQ/3/830/2016), for financial assistance.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Decision Sciences (SPDS), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Jyoti Pandey

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Naresh Bharagava

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Pandey, J. (2020). Biopolymers and Their Application in Wastewater Treatment. In: Bharagava, R. (eds) Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 18. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1390-9_11

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