The introductory chapter deals with the backdrop of the human thought and contemplates the sociopolitical milieu and the philosophies propounded in the last few centuries to interpret these from the perspective of nonviolence nonkilling peace. The meaning and significance of nonkilling are further defined and elaborated. The nonkilling philosophy envisages a society in which ‘there are no killings of humans, no threats to kill, no weapons designed to kill humans and no justification for using them’. The possibility of achieving such a nonkilling society is sought here.