Abstract
India has been rapidly urbanizing. Its state of health, well-being, and infrastructure capacity are in a period of transformation. Through the perspective of a rapidly urbanizing nation, the chapter presents an overview of India’s health capacity in managing disaster risks. It looks at demographic, epidemiological, and developmental transitions in India and how that is impacting decision-making for the health sector. It reflects upon relevant experiences and the current status of healthcare provisioning to identify issues aiding and ailing the achievement of health outcomes in times of disasters and otherwise.
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Notes
- 1.
Data summarized from WHO Global Ambient Air Quality Database (updated 2018): http://www.who.int/airpollution/data/cities/en/.
- 2.
Clean India Mission: http://www.swachhbharatmission.
- 3.
Smart cities India: http://smartcities.gov.in/content/.
- 4.
Village council.
- 5.
Places with a minimum population of 5000 and a density of at least 400 km−2, and at least 75% of the male working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits.
- 6.
Census India 2011: http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-Common/CensusData2011.html.
- 7.
Sustained efforts of the government in Odisha brought down the rate of mortality to 0.5% in Cyclone Phailin 2013 as compared to Super Cyclone (1999).
- 8.
National Health Mission: http://www.nhm.gov.in/.
- 9.
Indian Public Health Standards: http://nhm.gov.in/nhm/nrhm/guidelines/indian-public-health-standards.html.
- 10.
WHO South Asia tsunami situation reports.
- 11.
India Disaster Resource Network: www.idrn.gov.in.
- 12.
Confederation of Indian Industry: https://www.cii.in/.
- 13.
Builders Association of India: https://www.baionline.in/.
- 14.
Gujarat SDRN: http://117.239.205.164/sdrnguj/.
- 15.
Integrated Disease Surveillance Program: http://www.idsp.nic.in.
- 16.
State of Karnataka: http://nvbdcp.gov.in/index4.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=506&lid=3783.
- 17.
State of Punjab: https://www.punjabnvbdcp.in/denguelogin.php.
- 18.
Emergency Medicine India: http://www.emergencymedicine.in/current/articles.php?article_id=56.
- 19.
Emergency Management and Research Institute: http://www.emri.in/ideology/.
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Appendices
Annexure 11.1: Seismic Vulnerability of India’s Public Health Facilities
A study was conducted to analyze seismic vulnerability of public health facilities in India. Data on geo-locations of 160,000 public health facilities including primary, secondary, and tertiary care facilities was analyzed for which seismic zone they fall in. 54.25% of facilities fall in medium to very high-risk earthquake zones. A state wise scheme of number of health facilities in each zone is presented in Table 11.7.
Annexure 11.2: Relevant Programs and Policies in Health and Disaster Risk Management in India
See Table 11.8.
Annexure 11.3: Proposed Smart Cities at Risk of Earthquakes, Floods and Cyclonic Winds
Multi-hazard vulnerability map of India indicating locations of proposed Smart Cities (drawn by authors with data from NDMA, www.data.gov.in and www.mapsofindia.com)
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Krishnan, S., Patnaik, I. (2020). Health and Disaster Risk Management in India. In: Chan, E., Shaw, R. (eds) Public Health and Disasters. Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0924-7_11
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