Abstract
In modern age, rapid industrialization catalyses the steady magnification of the adverse effects. Released wastewater from various industries is of deepest concern which is highly responsible for aquatic pollution especially in India. An estimated amount of ~61,754 million litres per day (MLD) effluent water is produced in foremost metropolitans in India; however, the sewage management facility is only of ~22,963 MLD (approximately 37% of industrial effluents), and the remaining is disposed of untreated (according to the 2015 report of the Central Pollution Control Board 2015). The unscientific way of disposal causes severe diseases, responsible for environmental and ecological imbalance. This aquatic pollution is heading towards moderate to severe water shortages, brought on by the simultaneous effects of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization. In the forthcoming decades, the crisis of freshwater may lead to a major societal problem and political instability, if not the new option is found to supply the clean water. The development of cost-effective and eco-friendly wastewater management technologies and recycling could be the best way to solve the problem of potable water scarcity. Several conventional treatment technologies, i.e. adsorption, chemical coagulation, activated sludge management, membrane filtration, etc., have been implemented to eliminate the pollutants from effluent waters. In addition, it is straightforward, with good effectiveness and ability for degrading contaminants. This paper emphasizes the recent advancement and simultaneous use of wastewater treatment technologies in India to remove pollutants from wastewater like halogenated hydrocarbons, heavy metals, dyes and pigments, pesticides, herbicides, etc., which correspond to the main pollutants in wastewater. Movements like Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), which has become the largest movement towards cleanliness, highly emphasizes the treatment along with recycling of these effluent waters throughout India.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Director, CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur, for his immense support. SB is thankful to DST (vide ref. no: DST/TM/WTI/2K16/277(G) and project no: GAP-214312) for providing financial assistance. AM is thankful to UGC for her UGC sponsored NFSC fellowship.
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Bej, S., Mondal, A., Banerjee, P. (2020). Effluent Water Treatment: A Potential Way Out Towards Conservation of Fresh Water in India. In: Ghosh, S., Saha, P., Francesco Di, M. (eds) Recent Trends in Waste Water Treatment and Water Resource Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0706-9_4
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