Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Asbestos Free Braking Pads by Using Organic Fiber Based Reinforced Composites for Automotive Industries

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Automotive Tribology

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

Abstract

This book chapter focuses on the development in replacement of first generation brake materials (asbestos) by organic fiber based polymer composites. This replacement is necessary as the asbestos brake pads causes hazardous effects to the human being and environment. Many researchers report the several organic alternatives for asbestos in different journals. In this chapter, some of the best performed and eco-friendly compositions for brake materials are discussed. The uses of organic fibers and fillers such as flax, basalt, coconut, palm kernel shell, periwinkle shell, and pineapple leaf etc. are studied as an alternative to the asbestos based materials for braking pads. Different combinations of organic fibers with different binders like phenolic resin, polyester, and epoxy etc. are also studied and its influence on the behavior of brake pads is reviewed. Moreover, wear and friction coefficient are the two significant factors to be considered for suitability of any friction materials for braking pad application. Moreover, the influential rules and mechanism of braking conditions like pressure, velocity, and temperature on the friction and wear behaviors of organic reinforcing friction materials are summarized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abutu J, Lawal SA, Ndaliman MB, Lafia-Araga RA, Adedipe O, Choudhury IA (2018) Effects of process parameters on the properties of brake pad developed from seashell as reinforcement material using grey relational analysis. Eng Sci Technol Int J 21:787–797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abutu J, Lawal SA, Ndaliman MB, Lafia-Araga RA, Adedipe O, Choudhury IA (2019) Production and characterization of brake pad developed from coconut shell reinforcement material using central composite design. SN Appl Sci 1:82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed MJ, Balaji MS, Saravanakumar SS, Sanjay MR, Senthamaraikannan P (2018) Characterization of Areva javanica fiber—a possible replacement for synthetic acrylic fiber in the disc brake pad. J Ind Text. https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083718779446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AkıncıoÄŸlu G, Öktem H, Uygur I, AkıncıoÄŸlu S (2018) Determination of friction-wear performance and properties of eco-friendly brake pads reinforced with hazelnut shell and boron dusts. Arab J Sci Eng 43:4727–4737

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amaren SG, Yawas DS, Aku SY (2013) Effect of periwinkles shell particle size on the wear behavior of asbestos free brake pad. Results Phys 3:109–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atmika KA, Setiadi WN, Parwata MD (2016) Wear behavior of basalt powder reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites brake lining pads. In: International conference on mechanics, materials and structural engineering (ICMMSE 2016). Atlantis Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Bashir M, Saleem SS, Bashir O (2015) Friction and wear behavior of disc brake pad material using banana peel powder. Int J Res Eng Technol 4:650–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boz M, Kurt A (2007) The effect of Al2O3 on the friction performance of automotive brake friction materials. Tribol Int 40:1161–1169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choosri S, Sombatsompop N, Wimolmala E, Thongsang S (2018) Potential use of fly ash and bagasse ash as secondary abrasives in phenolic composites for eco-friendly brake pads applications. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D 0954407018772240

    Google Scholar 

  • Çöpür Y, Güler C, Akgül M, TaşçıoÄŸlu C (2007) Some chemical properties of hazelnut husk and its suitability for particleboard production. Build Sci 42:2568–2572

    Google Scholar 

  • Crăciun AL, Heput T, Bretotean CP (2016) Formulation of materials with natural fiber for brake system components. Ann Fac Eng Hunedoara Int J Eng 14(3)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson M, Lord J, Jacobson S (2001) Wear and contact conditions of brake pads: dynamical in situ studies of pad on glass. Wear 24:272–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu Z, Suo B, Yun R, Lu Y, Wang H, Qi S, Matejka V (2012) Development of eco-friendly brake friction composites containing flax fibers. J Reinf Plast Compos 31:681–689

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gürü M, Tekeli S, Bilici I (2006) Manufacturing of urea–formaldehyde-based composite particle board from almond shell. Mater Des 27:1148–1151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gürü M, Atar M, Yıldırım R (2008) Production of polymer matrix composite particleboard from walnut shell and improvement of its requirements. Mater Des 29:284–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibhadode AOA, Dagwa IM (2008) Development of asbestos-free friction lining material from palm kernel shell. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 30:166–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Idris UD, Aigbodion VS, Abubakar IJ, Nwoye CI (2015) Eco-friendly asbestos free brake-pad: using banana peels. J King Saud Univ Eng Sci 27:185–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikpambese KK, Gundu DT, Tuleun LT (2016) Evaluation of palm kernel fibers (PKFs) for production of asbestos-free automotive brake pads. J King Saud Univ Eng Sci 28:110–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilanko AK, Vijayaraghavan S (2016) Wear behavior of asbestos-free eco-friendly composites for automobile brake materials. Friction 4:144–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keskin A (2011) Investigation of using natural zeolite in brake pad. Sci Res Essays 6:4893–4904

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krenkel W, Berndt F (2005) C/C–SiC composites for space applications and advanced friction systems. Mater Sci Eng A 412:177–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar M, Bijwe J (2014) Influence of different types of binder in non-asbestos-organic brake lining materials: a case study on inertia brake dynamometer. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J 228:584–592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Gangil B, Patel VK (2016) Physico-mechanical and tribological properties of Grewia optiva fiber/bio-particulates hybrid polymer composites. In: AIP conference proceedings, vol 1728, pp 020384

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Kumar Y, Gangil B, Patel VK (2017a) Effect of agro-waste and bio-particulate filler on mechanical and wear properties of sisal fiber reinforced polymer composites. Mater Today Proc 4:10144–10147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Mer KKS, Parsad L, Patel VK (2017b) A review on surface modification of bast fiber as reinforcement in polymer composites. Int J Mater Sci Appl 6:77–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Patel VK, Mer KKS et al (2018) Influence of woven bast-leaf hybrid fiber on the physico-mechanical and sliding wear performance of epoxy based polymer composites. Mater Res Express 5:105705

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Patel VK, Mer KKS, Gangil B, Singh T, Fekete G (2019a) Himalayan natural fiber-reinforced epoxy composites: effect of Grewia optiva/Bauhinia Vahlii fibers on physico-mechanical and dry sliding wear behavior. J Nat Fibers. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2019.1612814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Mer KKS, Gangil B, Patel VK (2019b) Synergy of rice-husk filler on physico-mechanical and tribological properties of hybrid Bauhinia-vahlii/sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites. J Mater Res Technol 8:2070–2082

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Prasad L, Kumar S, Patel VK (2019c) Physico-mechanical and Taguchi-designed sliding wear properties of Himalayan agave fiber reinforced polyester composite. J Mater Res Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.06.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Prasad L, Kumar S, Patel VK (2019d) Physico-mechanical and Taguchi-designed sliding wear properties of Himalayan agave fiber reinforced polyester composite. J Mater Res Technol 8:3662–3671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.06.004

  • Liew KW, Nirmal U (2013) Frictional performance evaluation of newly designed brake pad materials. Mater Des 48:25–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Y, Shen S, Tong J, Ye W, Yang Y, Zhou J (2013) Effects of bamboo fibers on friction performance of friction materials. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 26:845–859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Y, Liu Y, Gao Z, Lin F, Yang Y, Ye W, Tong J (2014) Effects of wool fibers on tribological behavior of friction materials. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 27:867–880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Öktem H, Uygur Ä°, AkıncıoÄŸlu G, Kır D, KarakaÅŸ H (2015) Evaluation of non-asbestos high performance brake pads produced with organic dusts. In: METAL2015 24th international conference on metallurgy and materials, Brno, Czech Republic, EU, pp 3–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Olabisi AI, Adam AN, Okechukwu OM (2016) Development and assessment of composite brake pad using pulverized cocoa beans shells filler. Int J Mater Sci Appl 5:66–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Öztürk B, Arslan F, Öztürk S (2013) Effects of different kinds of fibers on mechanical and tribological properties of brake friction materials. Tribol Trans 56:536–545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel VK, Dhanola A (2016) Influence of CaCO3, Al2O3, and TiO2 microfillers on physico-mechanical properties of Luffa cylindrica/polyester composites. Eng Sci Technol Int J 19:676–683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel VK, Rawat N (2017) Physico-mechanical properties of sustainable Sagwan-teak wood flour/polyester composites with/without gum rosin. Sustain Mater Technol 13:1–8

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patel VK, Chauhan S, Katiyar J (2018) Physico-mechanical and wear properties of novel sustainable sour weed fiber reinforced polyester composites. Mater Res Express 5:045310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinca-Bretotean C, Josan A, Birtok-Băneasă C (2018) Laboratory testing of brake pads made of organic materials intended for small and medium vehicles. In: IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, vol 393, p 012029

    Google Scholar 

  • Pujari S, Srikiran S (2019) Experimental investigations on wear properties of Palm kernel reinforced composites for brake pad applications. Def Technol 15:295–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Purboputro PI, Hendrawan MA, Hariyanto A (2018) Use of bamboo fiber as a brake pad lining material and the influence of its portion on hardness and durability. In: IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, vol 403, no 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh T, Patnaik A (2015) Performance assessment of lapinus–aramid based brake pad hybrid phenolic composites in friction braking. Arch Civ Mech Eng 15:151–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singha K (2012) A short review on basalt fiber. Int J Text Sci 1:19–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutikno M, Marwoto P, Rustad S (2010) The mechanical properties of carbonized coconut char powder-based friction materials. Carbon 48:3616–3620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutikno M, Pramujati B, Safitri SD, Razitania A (2018) Characteristics of natural fiber reinforced composite for brake pads material. In: AIP conference proceedings, vol 1983, p 050009

    Google Scholar 

  • Swamidoss VF, Prashanth (2015) Fabrication and characterization of brake pad using pineapple leaf fiber (PALF). Int J Res Comput Appl Rob 3:107–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Unaldi M, Kus R (2017) The effect of the brake pad components to the some physical properties of the ecological brake pad samples. In: IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, vol 191, p 012032

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkateshwaran N, Ayyasamy Elayaperumal (2010) Banana fiber reinforced polymer composites-a review. J Reinf Plast Compos 29:2387–2396

    Google Scholar 

  • Xin X, Xu CG, Qing LF (2007) Friction properties of sisal fibre reinforced resin brake composites. Wear 262:736–741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yawas DS, Aku SY, Amaren SG (2016) Morphology and properties of periwinkle shell asbestos-free brake pad. J King Saud Univ Eng Sci 28:103–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yun R, Martynková SG, Lu Y (2011) Performance and evaluation of non-asbestos organic brake friction composites with SiC particles as an abrasive. J Compos Mater 45:1585–1593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.O.E.T., H.N.B. Garhwal University Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India

    Sandeep Kumar & Brijesh Gangil

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri, Garhwal, 246194, India

    K. K. S. Mer & Vinay Kumar Patel

  3. University Science Instrumentation Centre, H.N.B. Garhwal University Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, India

    Don Biswas

Authors
  1. Sandeep Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Brijesh Gangil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. K. S. Mer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Don Biswas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Vinay Kumar Patel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vinay Kumar Patel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. SRM Istitute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India

    Jitendra Kumar Katiyar

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India

    Shantanu Bhattacharya

  3. Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pauri, Garhwal, India

    Vinay Kumar Patel

  4. Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India

    Vikram Kumar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kumar, S., Gangil, B., Mer, K.K.S., Biswas, D., Patel, V.K. (2019). Asbestos Free Braking Pads by Using Organic Fiber Based Reinforced Composites for Automotive Industries. In: Katiyar, J., Bhattacharya, S., Patel, V., Kumar, V. (eds) Automotive Tribology. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0434-1_17

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation