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Schmallenberg Virus

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Emerging and Transboundary Animal Viruses

Part of the book series: Livestock Diseases and Management ((LDM))

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Abstract

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection is an emerging infectious disease of ruminants first discovered in summer 2011 applying metagenomic tools in North-Western Europe and which caused an epidemic proportion and later in the other European countries. It is an enveloped, negative-sense, segmented, single-stranded RNA virus, of the Simbu serogroup, Orthobunyavirus genus and the Bunyaviridae family, and is arthropod-borne. SBV affects mostly wild and domestic ruminants but has got no zoonotic potential and is horizontally spread by various species of Culicoides biting midges. Transplacental transmission can occur during the early part of pregnancy in ruminants after placentomes have been formed and cause teratogenic effects. Schmallenberg virus has also been found to be shed in the semen of cattle and sheep. SBV infection is usually asymptomatic in adult cattle, sheep and goats. The disease is characterised by fever, reduced milk production and diarrhoea in cattle and abortions, stillbirths and foetal abnormalities in sheep and goats when infection of the dam occurs at a critical period of gestation. In response, various molecular and serological tests and inactivated vaccines have been developed rapidly to diagnose and monitor the disease. Schmallenberg virus infections can have an all-round effect on production and considerable economic impact. This chapter details the updated knowledge on the discovery, epidemiology, impact, clinical symptoms, molecular characteristics and diagnostic techniques and the possibilities for preventing infections.

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Acknowledgements

All the authors of the manuscript thank and acknowledge their institutes.

Conflict of interest: There is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, MP, India

    S. B. Sudhakar, P. N. Gandhale, F. Singh, A. A. Raut, A. Mishra, D. D. Kulkarni & V. P. Singh

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  1. S. B. Sudhakar
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  2. P. N. Gandhale
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  3. F. Singh
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  4. A. A. Raut
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  5. A. Mishra
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  6. D. D. Kulkarni
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  7. V. P. Singh
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Yashpal Singh Malik

  2. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Raj Kumar Singh

  3. ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mahendra Pal Yadav

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Sudhakar, S.B. et al. (2020). Schmallenberg Virus. In: Malik, Y., Singh, R., Yadav, M. (eds) Emerging and Transboundary Animal Viruses . Livestock Diseases and Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0402-0_10

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