Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optical Diagnostics of Spray Development in Diesel Engines

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Simulations and Optical Diagnostics for Internal Combustion Engines

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

Abstract

In order to comply with the current and future emission norms applicable to diesel engines, understanding the fuel-air mixing phenomena in depth is quite crucial. Fuel spray inside the cylinder of an engine in operation interacts with in-cylinder gases as well as with solid boundaries. Fuel spray impinging on the cylinder wall and piston top, may subsequently enhance soot formation and hence, study and analysis of fuel spary characteristics can help to minimize these effects. However, study of the physics of spray evolvement and dynamics demands advanced diagnostics and numerical techniques. Many attempts have been made in developing computational models for analyzing the fuel-air and fuel-wall interactions. Despite those efforts it remains an exciting area of research to accurately model the spray behavior under dynamic conditions inside the engine cylinder. These models need continuous inputs from experimental studies for validation and for further development purposes. For experimental investigations point of view, several optical methods have been adopted viz. Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI), Shadowgraphy, Schlieren photography etc. However, deployment of these techniques for acquiring precise and reliable data requires certain expertises. The aim of this chapter is to confine various optical diagnostics techniques applicable to diesel engines. A critical review of these methods has been presented for further advancement in the field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abo-Serie E, Gavaises M, Arcoumanis C (2003) Spray/wall interaction in direct-injection spark ignition engines equipped with multi-hole injectors. In: Proceedings 9th international conference on liquid atomisation and spray systems (ICLASS). Sorrento, p 28

    Google Scholar 

  • Babu MG, Murthy BS (1976) Simulation and evaluation of exhaust and intake system of a four-stroke spark ignition engine. SAE Technical Paper

    Google Scholar 

  • Bachalo WD (2000) Spray diagnostics for the twenty-first century. At Sprays 10(3–5):439–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benajes J, García-Oliver JM, Novella R, Kolodziej C (2012) Increased particle emissions from early fuel injection timing Diesel low temperature combustion. Fuel 1(94):184–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berggren C, Magnusson T (2012) Reducing automotive emissions—The potentials of combustion engine technologies and the power of policy. Energy Policy 1(41):636–643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borman G, Nishiwaki K (1987) Internal-combustion engine heat transfer. Prog Energy Combust Sci 13(1):1–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardenas M, Pawlowski A, Günther M, Kneer R (2008) Spray-wall interaction of clustered sprays under conditions relevant for diesel engines. ILASSEuropeilasseurope.org

    Google Scholar 

  • Du W, Zhang Q, Bao W, Lou J (2018) Effects of injection pressure on spray structure after wall impingement. Appl Therm Eng 25(129):1212–1218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fang T, Chia-fon FL (2011) Low sooting combustion of narrow-angle wall-guided sprays in an HSDI diesel engine with retarded injection timings. Fuel 90(4):1449–1456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hohenberg GF (1979) Advanced approaches for heat transfer calculations. SAE Technical paper

    Google Scholar 

  • Ismael MA, Heikal MR, Baharom MB (2014) Spray-wall impingement of Diesel-CNG dual fuel jet using Schlieren imaging technique. In: MATEC web of conferences 2014, vol 13. EDP Sciences, p 02037

    Google Scholar 

  • Jia M, Xie M, Stobart R (2009) Evaluation of spray/wall interaction models under the conditions related to diesel HCCI engines. SAE Int J Fuels Lubr 1(1):993–1008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kay PJ, Bowen PJ, Gold MR, Sapsford SM (2012) Transient fuel spray impingement at atmospheric and elevated ambient conditions. Exp Fluids 53(4):873–890

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitasei T, Yamada J, Shoji T, Shiino S, Mori K (2008) Influence of the different fuel spray wall impingement angles on smoke emission in a DI-diesel engine. SAE Technical Paper

    Google Scholar 

  • Kook S, Park S, Bae C (2007) Influence of early fuel injection timings on premixing and combustion in a diesel engine. Energy Fuels 22(1):331–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmud R, Kurisu T, Nishida K, Ogata Y, Kanzaki J, Tadokoro T (2018) Experimental study on flat-wall impinging spray flame and its heat flux on wall under diesel engine–like condition: first report—effect of impingement distance. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part D: J Autom Eng 33(8):2187–2202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews WS, Lee CF, Peters JE (2013) Experimental investigations of spray/wall impingement. At Sprays 13(2 and 3)

    Google Scholar 

  • Meingast U, Staudt M, Reichelt L, Renz U, Sommerhoff FA (2000) Analysis of spray/wall interaction under diesel engine conditions. SAE Trans 1:299–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Musculus MP, Miles PC, Pickett LM (2013) Conceptual models for partially premixed low-temperature diesel combustion. Prog Energy Combust Sci 39(2–3):246–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mwangi JK, Lee WJ, Chang YC, Chen CY, Wang LC (2015) An overview: Energy saving and pollution reduction by using green fuel blends in diesel engines. Appl Energy 1(159):214–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak SK, Mishra PC, Parashar SK (2016) Influence of spray characteristics on heat flux in dual phase spray impingement cooling of hot surface. Alex Eng J 55(3):1995–2004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nhumaio GC, Watkins AP (2005) Simulation of electrosprays in model direct-injection spark-ignition engine in-cylinder flows. Int J Engine Res 6(6):527–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pan H, Xiao D, Hung D, Xu M, Li X (2019) Experimental investigations of wall jet droplet impact on spray impingement fuel film formation. Fuel 1(241):33–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park SW, Lee CS (2004) Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of a fuel spray impinged on the wall. Exp Fluids 37(5):745–762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pastor JV, Payri R, Garcia-Oliver JM, Nerva JG (2012) Schlieren measurements of the ECN-spray a penetration under inert and reacting conditions. SAE Technical Paper

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel C, Sharma N, Tiwari N, Agarwal AK (2016) Effects of spray droplet size and velocity distributions on emissions from a single cylinder biofuel engine. SAE Technical Paper

    Google Scholar 

  • Payri R, Gimeno J, Bracho G, Vaquerizo D (2016a) Study of liquid and vapor phase behavior on Diesel sprays for heavy duty engine nozzles. Appl Therm Eng 25(107):365–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payri R, Salvador FJ, Manin J, Viera A (2016b) Diesel ignition delay and lift-off length through different methodologies using a multi-hole injector. Appl Energy 15(162):541–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payri R, Viera JP, Pei Y, Som S (2015) Experimental and numerical study of lift-off length and ignition delay of a two-component diesel surrogate. Fuel 15(158):957–967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng Z, Liu B, Wang W, Lu L (2011) CFD investigation into diesel PCCI combustion with optimized fuel injection. Energies 4(3):517–531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz F, Schmidt J, Kufferath A, Samenfink W (2011) Gasoline wall films and spray/wall interaction analyzed by infrared thermography. SAE Int J Engines 7(3):1165–1177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seel K, Reddemann MA, Kneer R (2018) Optical investigation of the interaction of an automotive spray and thin films by utilization of a high-pressure spin coater. Exp Fluids 59(3):50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seel K, Reddemann MA, Baltaci T, Kneer R (2015) Impact of lubricating oil films on spray-wall interaction. SAE Technical Paper

    Google Scholar 

  • Serras-Pereira J, Aleiferis PG, Walmsley HL, Davies TJ, Cracknell RF (2013) Heat flux characteristics of spray wall impingement with ethanol, butanol, iso-octane, gasoline and E10 fuels. Int J Heat Fluid Flow 1(44):662–683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stanton DW, Lippert AM, Reitz RD, Rutland CJ (1998) Influence of spray-wall interaction and fuel films on cold starting in direct injection diesel engines. SAE Trans 1:1540–1563

    Google Scholar 

  • Su K (1999) Numerical studies of sprays impacting normally on an infinite plate. At Sprays 9(4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang Q, Liu H, Li M, Yao M (2017) Optical study of spray-wall impingement impact on early-injection gasoline partially premixed combustion at low engine load. Appl Energy 1(185):708–719

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tropea C (2011) Optical particle characterization in flows. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 21(43):399–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tschöke H, Marohn R (eds) (2017) 10. Tagung Diesel-und Benzindirekteinspritzung 2016: InklusiveGaseinblasung. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Huang Z, Zhang W, Kuti OA, Nishida K (2011) Effects of ultra-high injection pressure and micro-hole nozzle on flame structure and soot formation of impinging diesel spray. Appl Energy 88(5):1620–1628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werlberger P, Cartellieri WP (1987) Fuel injection and combustion phenomena in a high speed DI diesel engine observed by means of endoscopic high speed photography. SAE Technical Paper

    Google Scholar 

  • Woschni G (1967) A universally applicable equation for the instantaneous heat transfer coefficient in the internal combustion engine. SAE Technical paper

    Google Scholar 

  • Yao M, Zheng Z, Liu H (2009) Progress and recent trends in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. Prog Energy Combust Sci 35(5):398–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu H, Guo Y, Li D, Liang X, Shu GQ, Wang Y, Wang X, Dong L (2015) Numerical investigation of the effect of spray cone angle on mixture formation and CO/Soot emissions in an early injection HCCI diesel engine. SAE Technical Paper

    Google Scholar 

  • Zama Y, Sugawara K, Akop MZ, Furuhata T, Arai M (2014) Experimental study on velocity distribution of postimpingement diesel spray on a wall. Part 1: effect of impingement angle on flow pattern. At Sprays 24(8)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India

    Ashutosh Jena

Authors
  1. Ashutosh Jena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ashutosh Jena .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Akhilendra Pratap Singh

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India

    Pravesh Chandra Shukla

  3. Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA

    Joonsik Hwang

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Avinash Kumar Agarwal

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Jena, A. (2020). Optical Diagnostics of Spray Development in Diesel Engines. In: Singh, A., Shukla, P., Hwang, J., Agarwal, A. (eds) Simulations and Optical Diagnostics for Internal Combustion Engines. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0335-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0335-1_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-0334-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-0335-1

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation