Abstract
Because of the important role of groundwater and limited studies related to groundwater, in order to prevent the possibility of deterioration of this valuable natural water resource in the Mekong Delta, studies on the analysis of household behaviour of private tube-well and groundwater supply unit (GSU) water users to identify the demand and supply situation of groundwater and the proper management of groundwater are very essential. The study identified the options available to households in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam in dealing with the quality of their water sources and presented an analysis of their switching behaviour across such sources by using various regression models (the multiple regression, the two-step switching regression, and the linear probability). This study found that the water consumption of GSU users was significantly lower compared with those using private tube-wells for their water needs. For non-GSU users, the probability of switching to GSU water was found to be 37%. Income played an important role in encouraging households to switch to using GSU water. In addition, the interaction effects between income and the education level of the head of the household and the length of the time the household had settled in the community increased the probability of switching to GSU water. This result supports the conclusion that switching from private tube-wells to GSU water would encourage water saving, thus preventing groundwater resources from being over-extracted.
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Notes
- 1.
A standardized canonical discriminant coefficient is used to compare the relative importance of the independent variables. Put another way, it indicates the partial contribution of each independent variable to the dependent variable.
- 2.
The static form indicates the state of stagnant groundwater. The elastic form indicates the state of seasonal change of groundwater. The dynamic form indicates the state of continuous flow of groundwater.
- 3.
In Table 4.2, the rate is 229 litres/person/day (101,061,000 litres for 441,600 people).
- 4.
Evaluated at a mean use of 5.88 m3 per month and a mean family size of 4.57 people
- 5.
In the survey, a representative GSU was described by the following characteristics (mean values): manager’s education level at secondary, the time the GSU was built was in the period 2002–2004, the designed capacity was less than 150 households, and the distance to the center of the village was more than 3 km.
- 6.
According to the Can Tho Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (Can Tho DARD survey, 2002), the average amount of tube-well water used by a household was estimated at 283 liters/person/day. It is assumed that the user who already has a tube-well will buy less GSU water than the user who does not own a tube-well.
References
DARD (2002) Report on survey of status-quo of groundwater extraction and use in 1998 and 2002. Can Tho Department of Agriculture and Rural Development
Maddala GS (1983) Limited dependent and qualitative variables in econometrics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Quyen TTH (2005) Status-quo of management and uses of groundwater in Cantho City. Cantho University Press
Tuan LA (2005) An overview of the drinking water supply situation in the MR Delta, Vietnam http://www.mekonginfo.org/assets/midocs/0003619-environment-an-overview-of-the-drinking-water-supply-situation-in-the-mekong-river-delta-vietnam.pdf
WEMC (2006) Annual report. Can Tho Water and Environment Management Center
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Danh, V.T. (2019). Groundwater Uses and Management. In: Groundwater and Environment Policies for Vietnam’s Mekong Delta. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0085-5_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0085-5_4
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