Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Bi2O3 Particle Sizes and Addition of Starch into Bi2O3–PVA Composites for X-Ray Shielding

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites for X-Rays Shielding

Part of the book series: Composites Science and Technology ((CST))

Abstract

The effect of Bi2O3 particle sizes filled PVA composites on X-ray transmission for X-ray shielding purpose had been successfully fabricated and analyzed by using X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) and mammography units with various low X-ray energy ranges. Besides, a preliminary investigation was carried out by using XRF unit to obtain the effect of starch addition into the composite on the X-ray transmissions by both particle sizes of Bi2O3–PVA composites. The results showed that the ability of the composite to attenuate the initial X-ray beam was augmented with the increased Bi2O3 weight percentage (wt%). The density of both particle sizes of Bi2O3–PVA composites was compared with the addition of 1 and 3 wt% starch, while a fluctuation of density occurred for the composites without starch. Moreover, the nanosized Bi2O3–PVA composite without starch did not exemplify better X-ray attenuation capability compared to its micro-sized counterpart even though their density was higher than the micro-sized Bi2O3–PVA composite. However, the nano-sized Bi2O3–PVA composite with starch offered better particle size effect for X-ray shielding ability than its micro-sized counterpart compared to the Bi2O3–PVA composites without starch.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chang L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Fang J, Luan W, Yang X, Zhang W (2015) Preparation and characterization of tungsten/epoxy composites for γ-rays radiation shielding. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 356:88–93

    Google Scholar 

  2. Noor Azman NZ, Siddiqui SA, Ionescu M, Low IM (2012) A comparative study of X-ray shielding capability in ion-implanted acrylic and glass. Radiat Phys Chem 85:102–106

    Google Scholar 

  3. Noor Azman NZ, Siddiqui SA, Hart R, Low IM (2013) Effect of particle size, filler loadings and x-ray tube voltage on the transmitted x-ray transmission in tungsten oxide-epoxy composites. Appl Radiat Isot 71:62–67

    Google Scholar 

  4. Yoonkwan K, Seongeun P, Yongsok S (2015) Enhanced X-ray shielding ability of polymer–nonleaded metal composites by multilayer structuring. Ind Eng Chem Res 54:5968–5973

    Google Scholar 

  5. Lead X-ray glass vs. lead plastic acrylic (2013) http://www.marshield.com/nuclear-shielding/leaded-x-rayshielding-glass-and-acrylic. Viewed 15 Mar 2015

  6. Noor Azman NZ, Siddiqui SA, Low IM (2013) Synthesis and characterization of epoxy composites filled with Pb, Bi or W compound for shielding of diagnostic x-rays. Appl Phys A 110:137–144

    Google Scholar 

  7. Jia P, Bo C, Hu L, Zhou Y (2014) Properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) plasticized by glycerin. J For Prod Ind 3:151–153

    Google Scholar 

  8. Jordan J, Karl IJ, Rina T, Mohammed AS, Iwona J (2005) Experimental trends in polymer nanocomposites—a review. Mater Sci Eng 393:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  9. Rahmat AR, Wan Abdul Rahman WA, Tin SL, Yussuf AA (2009) Approaches to improve compatibility of starch filled polymer system: A review. Mater Sci Eng C 29:2370–2377

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tang T, Sergio DF (2015) Computational evaluation of effective stress relaxation behavior of polymer composites. Int J Eng Sci 90:76–85

    Google Scholar 

  11. Botelho MZ, Künzel R, Okuno E, Levenhagen RS, Basegio T, Bergmann CP (2010) X-ray transmission through nanostructured and microstructured CuO materials. Appl Radiat Isot 69:527–530

    Google Scholar 

  12. Künzel R, Okuno E (2012) Effects of the particle sizes and concentrations on the X-ray absorption by CuO compounds. Appl Radiat Isot 70:781–784

    Google Scholar 

  13. Singh K, Sandeeo K, Kaundal RS (2014) Comparative study of gamma ray shielding and some properties of PbO-SiO2-Al2O3 and Bi2O3-SiO2-Al2O3 glass systems. Radiat Phys Chem 96:153–157

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ghaffari-Moghaddam M, Eslahi H (2014) Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties of a novel nanocomposite based on polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol/Ag. Arab J Chem 7:846–855

    Google Scholar 

  15. Tang X, Alavi S (2011) Recent advances in starch, polyvinyl alcohol based polymer blends, nanocomposites and their biodegradability. Carbohydr Polym 85:7–16

    Google Scholar 

  16. El-Rafie MH, El-Naggar ME, Ramadan MA, Fouda MMG, Al-Deyab SS, Hebeish A (2011) Environmental synthesis of silver nanoparticles using hydroxypropyl starch and their characterization. Carbohydr Polym 86:630–635

    Google Scholar 

  17. Batabyal SK, Basu C, Das AR, Sanyal GS (2007) Green chemical synthesis of silver nanowires and microfibers using starch. J Biobased Mater Bioenergy 1:143–147

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bendaoud A, Chalamet Y (2015) Effect of a supercritical fluid on starch-based polymer processed with ionic liquid. Eur Polym J 63:237–246

    Google Scholar 

  19. Othman N, Azahari NA, Ismail H (2011) Thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)/corn starch blend film. Malays Polym J 6:147–154

    Google Scholar 

  20. Maghrabi HA, Vijayan A, Deb P, Wang L (2016) Bismuth oxide-coated fabrics for X-ray shielding. Text Res J 86:649–658

    Google Scholar 

  21. Nambiar S, Osei E, Yeow EJ (2011) Polymer composite‐based shielding of diagnostic X‐Rays. Med Phys 38:3720

    Google Scholar 

  22. Nambiar S, Osei E, Yeow EJ (2013) Polymer nanocomposite‐based shielding against diagnostic X‐rays. J Appl Polym Sci 127:4939–4946

    Google Scholar 

  23. Singh KM, Baljit K, Gurdeep SS, Ajay K (2013) Investigations of some building materials for γ-rays shielding effectivenessRadiat. Phys Chem 87:16–25

    Google Scholar 

  24. Sprawls P (1993) The physical principles of medical imaging, 2nd edn. Aspen Publishers, Gaithersburg

    Google Scholar 

  25. Belgin EE, Aycik GA, Kalemtas A, Pelit A, Dilek DA, Kavak MT (2015) Preparation and characterization of a novel ionizing electromagnetic radiation shielding material: Hematite filled polyester based compositesRadiat. Phys Chem 115:43–48

    Google Scholar 

  26. Plionis AA, Garcia SR, Gonzales ER, Porterfiled DR, Peterson DS (2009) Replacement of lead bricks with non-hazardous polymer-bismuth for low-energy gamma shielding. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 282:239–242

    Google Scholar 

  27. Emrullahoğlu Abi CB, Yanar T (2013) Production of cordierite-mullite ceramic composite from olivine. Mach Technol Mater 12:7–11

    Google Scholar 

  28. Bushberg JT, Boone JM (2012) The essential physics of medical imaging. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  29. Mao L, Syed I, Sherald G, Patrizia C, Emo C (2000) Extruded Cornstarch-Glycerol-Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends: Mechanical Properties, Morphology, and Biodegradability. J Polym Environ 8:205–211

    Google Scholar 

  30. Akkurt I, Akyildirim H, Mavi B, Kilincarslan S, Basyigi C (2010) Gamma-ray shielding properties of concrete including barite at different energies. Prog Nucl Energy 52:620–623

    Google Scholar 

  31. Noor Azman NZ, Musa NFL, Nik Ab Razak NNA, Ramli RM, Mustafa IS, Abdul Rahman A, Yahaya NZ (2016) Effect of Bi2O3 particle sizes and addition of starch into Bi2O3–PVA composites for X-ray shielding. Appl Phys A 122:818

    Google Scholar 

  32. Virkutyte J, Varma RS (2011) Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles: Biodegradable polymers and enzymes in stabilization and surface functionalization. Chem Sci 2:837–846

    Google Scholar 

  33. Nikroo R, Alemzadeh I, Vossoughi M, Haddadian K (2016) Evaluation of trichloroethylene degradation by starch supported Fe/Ni nanoparticles via response surface methodology. Water Sci Technol 73:935–946

    Google Scholar 

  34. El-Rafie MH, Ahmed HB, Zahran MK (2014) Facile precursor for synthesis of silver nanoparticles using alkali treated maize starch. Int Sch Res Notices 2014:1–12

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The collection of X-ray transmission data for mammography unit was done at Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. We also thank Mr. Mohd Anas Ahmad from Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory (N.O.R), School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11900, Malaysia, for assistance with SEM images. This work was funded under Short-Term Research Grant, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia (304/PFIZIK/6313249).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia

    It Meng Low

  2. School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Nurul Zahirah Noor Azman

Authors
  1. It Meng Low
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nurul Zahirah Noor Azman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to It Meng Low .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Low, I.M., Noor Azman, N.Z. (2020). Effect of Bi2O3 Particle Sizes and Addition of Starch into Bi2O3–PVA Composites for X-Ray Shielding. In: Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites for X-Rays Shielding. Composites Science and Technology . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9810-0_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation