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Diversity and Functional Importance of Phytoplasma Membrane Proteins

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Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - III

Abstract

Phytoplasmas are wall-less prokaryotes, associated with hundreds of severe crop diseases worldwide. They inhabit phloem elements and are transmitted by insects of a few hemipteran families. In absence of a cell wall, phytoplasma membrane proteins are in direct contact with insect and plant hosts. The most abundant on their pathogen cells are the immunodominant membrane proteins (IDPs), which have been characterized in several phytoplasma strains, but also other membrane protein families, like variable membrane proteins (Vmps), adhesins, AAA + ATPases, and several transporters, are worth to mention for interactions with hosts and pathogen adaptation to different environments and as molecular markers useful for strain genotyping. Indeed, many of these membrane proteins are under positive selection pressure, and therefore highly variable among the different phytoplasma strains. A review and a schematic summary of the salient literature on phytoplasma membrane proteins are presented. The focuses were the variability of their gene sequences and the molecular characterization of pathogen strains and their functional roles in mediating interactions with plants and insects and in the perception and adaptation to different environments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy

    Marika Rossi & Luciana Galetto

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

    Ivana Samarzija & Martina Šeruga-Musić

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  1. Marika Rossi
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  2. Ivana Samarzija
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  3. Martina Šeruga-Musić
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  4. Luciana Galetto
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Assunta Bertaccini

  2. Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan

    Kenro Oshima

  3. Department of Integrative Infection Biology Crops-Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

    Michael Kube

  4. Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Govind Pratap Rao

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Rossi, M., Samarzija, I., Šeruga-Musić, M., Galetto, L. (2019). Diversity and Functional Importance of Phytoplasma Membrane Proteins. In: Bertaccini, A., Oshima, K., Kube, M., Rao, G. (eds) Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - III. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9632-8_5

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