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A Study on Suicide pp 57–90Cite as

Suicide Among Chinese Women

Abstract

In the chapter titled “Women and Health,” it is revealed that China is currently the only country in the world where the suicide rate among women is much higher than that among men and that nearly 160,000 Chinese rural women commit suicide each year, half of all suicides by women in the world.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Wang (2006).

  2. 2.

    Jing et al. (2010).

  3. 3.

    WHO (1989, 1990a, pp. 346–369).

  4. 4.

    WHO (1990b, p. 117).

  5. 5.

    Liu (1995).

  6. 6.

    China Population Information Research Center (2002).

  7. 7.

    Yang et al. (2004).

  8. 8.

    Xie (1999a, pp. 6–8).

  9. 9.

    He et al. (2002).

  10. 10.

    Zheng (1998).

  11. 11.

    Kang (2002).

  12. 12.

    The Secret behind Suicides of the Chinese. Lifeweek, 2002(50).

  13. 13.

    Li et al. (2002).

  14. 14.

    Xie (1999b, p. 5).

  15. 15.

    Yan (2008).

  16. 16.

    He (1996).

  17. 17.

    Liu and Li (1990).

  18. 18.

    Fuse (1990).

  19. 19.

    Liberation Daily, December 23, 1986, 3.

  20. 20.

    Wen (1998).

  21. 21.

    China Women’s News, November 13, 1989.

  22. 22.

    He (1997a, p. 460).

  23. 23.

    Xie (1999c, p. 18).

  24. 24.

    Wang (2009).

  25. 25.

    Niu (2010).

  26. 26.

    He (1997b, p. 494).

  27. 27.

    Liu and Li (1992a, p. 86).

  28. 28.

    Gao et al. (1987).

  29. 29.

    Luo (2007).

  30. 30.

    Xie (1999d, p. 34).

  31. 31.

    Zhang (1988).

  32. 32.

    Liu and Li (1992b, p. 90).

  33. 33.

    Jiang et al. (2002).

  34. 34.

    Xie (1999e, pp. 34–38).

  35. 35.

    Wang (2000).

  36. 36.

    Liu and Li (1992c, p. 93).

  37. 37.

    Xie (1999f, p. 46).

  38. 38.

    Li and Zuo (2010).

  39. 39.

    Xu (1999).

  40. 40.

    National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. The Development of the Education Sector. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjfx/ztfx/jwxlfxbg/t20020530_20836.htm. Accessed: 10 January 2012.

  41. 41.

    Liu (2004).

  42. 42.

    An and Jia (2007).

  43. 43.

    Ye (2006).

  44. 44.

    Gao (2005).

  45. 45.

    Zhang (2004).

  46. 46.

    Da (2001).

  47. 47.

    Song (1998).

  48. 48.

    Wang (2004).

  49. 49.

    28-year-old Pregnant Woman Dies after Beaten by Husband. Sina.com. August 28, 2009.

  50. 50.

    In the academic world, there is no universally accepted definition of “marital violence”. The term generally refers to one party in a marriage being harmed by his or her spouse through verbal, physical and sexual violence. It is also known as “spousal violence”. “Violence” refers to behaviors that cause fear, the sense of being unsafe, or conflicts, etc. Cases of marital violence can be classified into three categories. (1): Physical violence: includes all attacks on the body of the target, such as beatings, shoving, slaps on the face, kicking, and the use of tools for attacks. (2) Mental violence: the harming of another person’s psychology and emotions through inhumane and inappropriate ways, by means of threats, malicious libel, insults, and language that damages the target’s self-esteem. (3) Sexual violence: deliberate attacks on sex organs and coerced sexual intercourse or contact, etc. For more details, refer to Zhang and Liu (2004).

  51. 51.

    Song (1996).

  52. 52.

    Ru et al. (2006).

  53. 53.

    Huang et al. (1997).

  54. 54.

    Wang and Wu (2007).

  55. 55.

    He (1997c, p. 543).

  56. 56.

    Li (2009a).

  57. 57.

    Tong (2011).

  58. 58.

    Jin (2010).

  59. 59.

    Wu (2010).

  60. 60.

    Liang (2010).

  61. 61.

    Li (2009b).

  62. 62.

    Liu (2009).

  63. 63.

    The “Two Basics” policy is the drive to “basically eradicate” illiteracy among the young and middle-aged and to “basically universalize” the nine-year course of compulsory education. The policy was laid out by the Ministry of Education as part of efforts to implement the Decision of the State Council on the Further Strengthening of Education Work in Rural Areas.

  64. 64.

    Xie (1999g, p. 58).

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  1. Guizhou University, Guiyang, China

    Jianjun Li

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Li, J. (2020). Suicide Among Chinese Women. In: A Study on Suicide. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9499-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9499-7_2

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