Abstract
Urbanization is traditionally driven by spatial expansion, which, essentially, entails the constant outwards expansion of urban areas, typically accompanied by population growth within these areas. Indeed, this approach is followed by most countries throughout their own individual processes of urbanization. Urbanization, which was first witnessed in the West, was followed by processes of—suburbanization and ex-urbanization, that is to say, the expansion of cities into their surrounding areas, throughout the 1950s and 1970s.
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Notes
- 1.
China Development Research Foundation (2010, p. 59).
- 2.
“Industrial Land Supply Surpassed Residential Land for the First Time, Significantly in the Second and Third Tier Cities”. Xinhua net, July 29, 2011. http://newsxinhuaiiet.com/house/2011-07/29/c_121745427.htm.
- 3.
“Report on the Audit Work of Central Budget Implementation in 2010 and Other Financial Revenue and Expenditure”. National Audit Office of the People’s Republic of China, June 27, 2011.
- 4.
Cao and Wang (2011).
- 5.
Cao and Wang (2011)
- 6.
China Development Research Foundation (2010, pp. 74–75).
- 7.
Rithmire (2010).
- 8.
Friedman (2005).
- 9.
Logan (2008).
- 10.
Translated Logan’s words in Urban China in Transition by the author besides the added new Marxist urban theory and the global urban theory. Whether the translation of “developmental state” is acceptable is open to discussion.
- 11.
Li and Yang (2006).
- 12.
Hsing (2010).
- 13.
Rithmire (2010).
- 14.
Li (2009).
- 15.
Harvey (1985).
- 16.
- 17.
Sassen (2001).
- 18.
Molotch (1976).
- 19.
Stone (1993).
- 20.
Zou (1994).
- 21.
Nee and Opper (2007).
- 22.
Bai (2008).
- 23.
Park (2008).
- 24.
Li (2009).
- 25.
Gu (2002).
- 26.
Shen (2007).
- 27.
Saich (2008).
- 28.
Lu (2010, p. 8).
- 29.
Lu (2011).
- 30.
Gu (2002).
- 31.
Jiang et al. (2007).
- 32.
- 33.
Lee (2011).
- 34.
Kuang et al. (2009).
- 35.
Jiang et al. (2007).
- 36.
Wu (2005).
- 37.
Jiang et al. (2007).
- 38.
White et al. (2008).
- 39.
Nee and Opper (2010).
- 40.
Park and Sehrt (2001).
- 41.
- 42.
Wong et al. (2004).
- 43.
Nee and Opper (2007).
- 44.
Lu (2010, p. 23).
- 45.
Krueger (1974).
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Li, Q. (2020). The Urban Expansion Model. In: China’s Development Under a Differential Urbanization Model. Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9451-5_7
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