Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evolution and Interplay of Water-Associated Human Pathogens

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Water-Associated Infectious Diseases

  • 497 Accesses

Abstract

Cholera serogroups have been identified which later includes O139 serogroup. Genetic assortment of O139 strain changes the epidemiological status of the cholera and developed strategies for the persistence in competition O1 serogroups. Similarly, heterogeneity responsible for virulence of Salmonella has been conventionally attributed to diverse distribution of genetic elements, namely bacteriophages, chromosomal pathogenicity island, transposons, plasmids, etc. Advancement of DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis has led to the understanding of the clear evolutionary relationship of various Shigella spp. along with E. coli. The spatial heterogeneity and intrinsic spatial structure of CF lung selection seem to play a vital role in the diversification of P. aeruginosa. Like other commensal bacteria, Helicobacter pylori have evolved several mechanisms to evade immune responses. Wide genome scanning, discovery of the low variation regions, and signature of selective sweeps allowed us to identify the various genes of malaria that underwent mutation throughout the course of evolution. The epidemiological distribution dengue serotypes is similar; however, genetically the serotypes are diverse in nature.

*Contributed equally as first author

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Pandey PK, Kass PH, Soupir ML, Biswas S, Singh VP (2014) Contamination of water resources by pathogenic bacteria. AMB Express 4:51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kummu M, Guillaume JH, de Moel H, Eisner S, Flörke M, Porkka M, Siebert S, Veldkamp TI, Ward PJ (2016) The world’s road to water scarcity: shortage and stress in the 20th century and pathways towards sustainability. Sci Rep 6:38495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Conway DJ, Roper C (2000) Micro-evolution and emergence of pathogens. Int J Parasitol 30(12–13):1423–1430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Metcalf CJ, Birger RB, Funk S, Kouyos RD, Lloyd-Smith JO, Jansen VA (2015) Five challenges in evolution and infectious diseases. Epidemics 10:40–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rahaman MH, Islam T, Colwell RR, Alam M (2015) Molecular tools in understanding the evolution of Vibrio cholerae. Front Microbiol 6:1040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Greig DR, Schaefer U, Octavia S, Hunter E, Chattaway MA, Dallman TJ, Jenkins C (2018) Evaluation of whole-genome sequencing for identification and typing of Vibrio cholerae. J Clin Microbiol 56(11):e00831-18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Keddy KH, Nadan S, Govind C, Sturm AW, Group for Enteric, Respiratory and Meningeal Disease Surveillance in South Africa (2007) Evidence for a clonally different origin of the two cholera epidemics of 2001–2002 and 1980–1987 in South Africa. J Med Microbiol 56(Pt 12):1644–1650

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Pradhan S, Baidya AK, Ghosh A, Paul K, Chowdhury R (2010) The El Tor biotype of Vibrio cholerae exhibits a growth advantage in the stationary phase in mixed cultures with the classical biotype. J Bacteriol 192(4):955–963

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chattopadhyay DJ, Sarkar BL, Ansari MQ, Chakrabarti BK, Roy MK, Ghosh AN, Pal SC (1993) New phage typing scheme for Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor strains. J Clin Microbiol 31(6):1579–1585

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kitaoka M, Miyata ST, Unterweger D, Pukatzki S (2011) Antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Vibrio cholerae. J Med Microbiol 60(Pt 4):397–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Faruque SM, Sack DA, Sack RB, Colwell RR, Takeda Y, Nair GB (2003) Emergence and evolution of Vibrio cholerae O139. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(3):1304–1309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kisiela DI, Chattopadhyay S, Libby SJ, Karlinsey JE, Fang FC, Tchesnokova V, Kramer JJ, Beskhlebnaya V, Samadpour M, Grzymajlo K, Ugorski M, Lankau EW, Mackie RI, Clegg S, Sokurenko EV (2012) Evolution of Salmonella enterica virulence via point mutations in the fimbrial adhesin. PLoS Pathog 8(6):e1002733

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Umann D, Cunrath O (2017) Heterogeneity of Salmonella-host interactions in infected host tissues. Curr Opin Microbiol 39:57–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Moreno Switt AI, den Bakker HC, Cummings CA, Rodriguez-Rivera LD, Govoni G, Raneiri ML, Degoricija L, Brown S, Hoelzer K, Peters JE, Bolchacova E, Furtado MR, Wiedmann M (2012) Identification and characterization of novel Salmonella mobile elements involved in the dissemination of genes linked to virulence and transmission. PLoS One 7(7):e41247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ido N, Lee K, Iwabuchi K, Izumiya H, Uchida I, Kusumoto M, Iwata T, Ohnishi M, Akiba M (2014) Characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- as a monophasic variant of serovar Typhimurium. PLoS One 9(8):e104380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Doore SM, Schrad JR, Dean WF, Dover JA, Parent KN (2018) Shigella phages isolated during a dysentery outbreak reveal uncommon structures and broad species diversity. J Virol 92(8):e02117-17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhao L, Xiong Y, Meng D, Guo J, Li Y, Liang L, Han R, Wang Y, Guo X, Wang R, Zhang L, Gao L, Wang J (2017) An 11-year study of shigellosis and Shigella species in Taiyuan, China: active surveillance, epidemic characteristics, and molecular serotyping. J Infect Public Health 10(6):794–798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gomes TA, Elias WP, Scaletsky IC, Guth BE, Rodrigues JF, Piazza RM, Ferreira LC, Martinez MB (2016) Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Braz J Microbiol 47(Suppl 1):3–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sayeed S, Reaves L, Radnedge L, Austin S (2000) The stability region of the large virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri encodes an efficient postsegregational killing system. J Bacteriol 182(9):2416–2421

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Yang J, Nie H, Chen L, Zhang X, Yang F, Xu X, Zhu Y, Yu J, Jin Q (2007) Revisiting the molecular evolutionary history of Shigella spp. J Mol Evol 64(1):71–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Winstanley C, O'Brien S, Brockhurst MA (2016) Pseudomonas aeruginosa evolutionary adaptation and diversification in cystic fibrosis chronic lung infections. Trends Microbiol 24(5):327–337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hosseinidoust Z, van de Ven TG, Tufenkji N (2013) Evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence as a result of phage predation. Appl Environ Microbiol 79(19):6110–6116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sadikot RT, Blackwell TS, Christman JW, Prince AS (2005) Pathogen-host interactions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171(11):1209–1223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Moradali MF, Ghods S, Rehm BH (2017) Pseudomonas aeruginosa lifestyle: a paradigm for adaptation, survival, and persistence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 15(7):39

    Google Scholar 

  25. Haley KP, Gaddy JA (2015) Helicobacter pylori: genomic Insight into the host-pathogen interaction. Int J Genomics 2015:386905

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Jones KR, Whitmire JM, Merrell DS (2010) A tale of two toxins: Helicobacter pylori CagA and VacA modulate host pathways that impact disease. Front Microbiol 1:115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Loy DE, Liu W, Li Y, Learn GH, Plenderleith LJ, Sundararaman SA, Sharp PM, Hahn BH (2017) Out of Africa: origins and evolution of the human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Int J Parasitol 47(2–3):87–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Baird JK (2009) Resistance to therapies for infection by Plasmodium vivax. Clin Microbiol Rev 22(3):508–534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Sridaran S, Rodriguez B, Soto AM, Macedo De Oliveira A, Udhayakumar V (2014) Molecular analysis of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance-associated alleles in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90(5):840–845

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sessions OM, Wilm A, Kamaraj US, Choy MM, Chow A, Chong Y, Ong XM, Nagarajan N, Cook AR, Ooi EE (2015) Analysis of dengue virus genetic diversity during human and mosquito infection reveals genetic constraints. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(9):e0004044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Hanley KA, Guerbois M, Kautz TF, Brown M, Whitehead SS, Weaver SC, Vasilakis N, Marx PA (2014) Infection dynamics of sylvatic dengue virus in a natural primate host, the African Green Monkey. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 91(4):672–676

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Centre for Advanced Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India

      Swatantra Kumar, Vimal K. Maurya & Shailendra K. Saxena

    Authors
    1. Swatantra Kumar
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    2. Vimal K. Maurya
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    3. Shailendra K. Saxena
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    Corresponding author

    Correspondence to Shailendra K. Saxena .

    Editor information

    Editors and Affiliations

    1. Centre for Advanced Research, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India

      Shailendra K. Saxena

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    Copyright information

    © 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

    About this chapter

    Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

    Cite this chapter

    Kumar, S., Maurya, V.K., Saxena, S.K. (2020). Evolution and Interplay of Water-Associated Human Pathogens. In: Saxena, S.K. (eds) Water-Associated Infectious Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9197-2_3

    Download citation

    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9197-2_3

    • Published:

    • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

    • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-9196-5

    • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-9197-2

    • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

    Publish with us

    Policies and ethics

    Search

    Navigation