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Oxidative Stress in Microbial Diseases pp 43–82Cite as

Role of Gut Microbiota in Combating Oxidative Stress

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Abstract

We are at a fascinating junction of medical microbiology, witnessing a paradigm shift in the basic understanding of diseases and their treatment strategies. Here, we have summarized different diseases that induce oxidative stress like pathophysiological, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and microbial infectious diseases and the role of gut microbiota correspondingly to alleviate the toxic state. The concepts of oxidative stress, gastrointestinal tract, and healthy gut microbiota are briefly introduced followed by an elucidated account of their relationships in different diseased conditions. Almost all diseases are linked to, or lead to gut dysbiosis, particularly characterized by an overall decline in gut microbial diversity; reduction in number of beneficial microbial members like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and anaerobic short-chain fatty acid producers (e.g., Bacteroidetes and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii); and altered proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes members. This is accompanied by an increase in aerotolerant or facultative anaerobic opportunistic pathogens like the Gram-negative proteobacterial members of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae. Thus, future therapeutic interventions must be directed towards maintaining or restoring the gut microbiota composition to its healthy state to overcome the oxidative stress generated in different diseased conditions.

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Acknowledgments

Financial assistance from DST-SERB [No.SB/YS/LS-16/2013], CSIR [No. 38(1410)/15/ EMR-II)], UGC MRP [No. 43-462/2014(SR)] and WB-DST [No. ST/P/S&T/5G-18/2017] is thankfully acknowledged. Sohini Banerjee is grateful to CSIR [No. 38(1410)/15/EMR-II] for her fellowship.

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  1. Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India

    Bomba Dam, Arijit Misra & Sohini Banerjee

  2. Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, West Bengal, India

    Sohini Banerjee

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  1. Bomba Dam
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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Tapati Chakraborti

  3. Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay

  4. National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India

    Chandrima Shaha

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Dam, B., Misra, A., Banerjee, S. (2019). Role of Gut Microbiota in Combating Oxidative Stress. In: Chakraborti, S., Chakraborti, T., Chattopadhyay, D., Shaha, C. (eds) Oxidative Stress in Microbial Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8763-0_4

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