Foot Fractures

Abstract

The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone, resembling a rectangular-like structure, with 3 talus joints and 1 cuboid joint. The heel joint is divided into three groups, which is located above the calcaneus. The posterior articular surface is oval, located in the middle of the calcaneus, whilst the middle articular surface is the flat protuberance of the medial calcaneus. The front of the articular surface is situated in front of the calcaneus and the joint from the bone. The calcaneal joint is located in front of the calcaneus. A fracture of the calcaneus accounts for 29.77% of the foot fracture. Calcaneal fractures are commonly categorized using the Sanders classification: The Sanders classification of calcaneal fractures is divided into four types: non-displaced intra-articular fracture; two parts fractures of the posterior articular surface, displacement greater than 2 mm, three parts fractures of the posterior articular surface, and more than four parts of the posterior articular surface. Furthermore, the two parts fracture of the posterior articular surface fracture, whereby its displacement is greater than or equal to 2 mm, is divided into three parts: IIA, lateral fracture line, IIB, medial fracture line, and IIC, fracture line adjacent to the loading process. Overall, the three parts of the posterior articular surface were divided into three parts: IIIAB, IIIAC, IIIBC.