Abstract
We are surrounded by viruses, a common pathogen that can cause all kinds of diseases. Doctors are very familiar with virus infections as it is ubiquitous. Viruses can infect the eye from the ocular surface to the fundus. Herpes zoster virus (HZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection for instance can cause blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, scleritis, anterior uveitis, glaucoma, vitritis, and retinal inflammation. On the one hand, the virus attacks the target organ directly and cause serious consequences, such as acute retinal necrosis, and necrotizing keratitis. On the other hand, it can trigger the body’s immune response and cause such as keratitis disciformis. Viral eye diseases are difficult to treat. Not only virus infections can happen acutely and can cause serious damage to the eye tissue, but also it can be recurrent. It is a difficult situation that both doctors and patients find hard to deal with. However, if we try to see the problem from the perspective of integrated medicine, we might have more new ideas and new therapy methods.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
de Visser L, Braakenburg A, Rothova A, de Boer JH. Rubella virus-associated uveitis: clinical manifestations and visual prognosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:292–7.
van Boxtel LA, van der Lelij A, van der Meer J, et al. Cytomegalovirus as a cause of anterior uveitis in immunocompetent patients. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1358 1362.
de Schryver I, Rozenberg F, Cassoux N, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of cytomegalovirus iridocyelitis without retinal necrosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:852–5.
Koizumi N, Suzuki T, Uno T, et al. Cytomegalovirus as an etiologic factor in corneal endotheliitis. Ophthalmology. 2008;115:292–7.
Chee SP, Jap A. Immune ring formation associated with cytomegalovirus endotheliitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;152:449–553.
Khodadoust AA, Attarzadeh A. Presumed autoimmune corneal endotheliopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;93:718–22.
Carmichael A. Cytomegalovirus and the eye. Eye Reaction (Lond). 2012;26:237–40.
Nakamura T, Ishikawa F, Sonoda KH, et al. Characterization and distribution of bone marrow derived cells in mouse cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:497–503.
Shiraishi Hiraishi A, Hara Y, Takahashi M, et al. Demonstration of “Owl’s” eye morphology by confocal microscopy in a patient with presumed cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143:715–7.
Suzuki T, Ohashi Y. Corneal endotheliitis. Semin Ophthalmol. 2008;23:235–40.
Kandofi M, Inoue T, Takamatsu F, et al. Prevalence and features of keratitis with quantitative polymerase chain reaction positive for cytomegalovirus. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:216–22.
Meffert SA, Kertes PJ, Lim PL, Conway MD, Peyman GA. Successful treatment of progressive outer retinal necrosis using high-dose intravitreal ganciclovir. Retina. 1997;17(6):560–2.
Luu KK, Scott IU, Chaudhry NA, Verm A, Davis JL. Intravitreal antiviral injections as adjunctive therapy in the management of immunocompetent patients with necrotizing herpetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129(6):811–3.
Chau TTH, Cassoux N, Bodaghi B, Lehoang P. Successful treatment with combination of systemic antiviral drugs and intravitreal ganciclovir injections in the management of severe necrotizing herpetic retinitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2003;11(2):141–4.
Teoh SC, Ou X, Lim TH. Intravitreal ganciclovir maintenance injection for cytomegalovirus retinitis: efficacy of a low-volume, intermediate-dose regimen. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(3):588–95.
Arevalo JF, Garcia RA, Mendoza AJ. High-dose (5000-microg) intravitreal ganciclovir combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-infected patients in Venezuela. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2005;15(5):610–8.
Surachatkumtonekul T, Chokephaibulkit K, Vanprapar N, Pamonvaechavan P. Treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis with intravitreous ganciclovir in HIV-infected children. J Med Assoc Thail. 2008;91(3):331–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. and People's Medical Publishing House, PR of China
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Feng, Y. (2020). Virus Infection and Ophthalmic Diseases from the Perspective of Integrated Medicine. In: Wang, N. (eds) Integrative Ophthalmology. Advances in Visual Science and Eye Diseases, vol 3. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7896-6_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7896-6_30
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-7895-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-7896-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)