Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pathology of Lymphoreticular Tissues

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Hematopathology

  • 1283 Accesses

Abstract

Hematopathology is a discipline in which the routine methods of clinical and morphologic analysis are interwoven with routine laboratory as well various ancillary techniques for diagnosis and management of hematolymphoid lesions. Such lesions broadly may be divided into non-neoplastic (like viral, tubercular, autoimmune, drug induced) and neoplastic. Neoplastic lesions involving nodes could be hematolymphoid or non-hematolymphoid neoplasms. Scope of this chapter is hematolymphoid neoplasms (HLN) as defined by the WHO 2017 Classification of HLN and others [1–3]. Here we discuss the morphology of normal lymphoreticular tissues (primarily lymph nodes, bone marrow trephine biopsy, spleen, and thymus) followed by an approach to diagnosis and subtyping of HLN based on morphology and various ancillary techniques, primarily immunohistochemistry (IHC) (Figs. 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, and 16.4). Bone marrow aspirate is not a part of the scope of this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Jurgen T. WHO classification of tumors of hematopoeitic and lymphoid tissues 2017, vol. 2. Revised 4th ed. Lyon: IARC; 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, Harris NL, Stein H, Siebert R, Advani R, Ghielmini M, Salles GA, Zelenetz AD, Jaffe ES. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016;127(20):2375–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, Thiele J, Borowitz MJ, Le Beau MM, Bloomfield CD, Cazzola M, Vardiman JW. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood. 2016;127(20):2391–405.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Willemze R, Jaffe ES, Burg G, Cerroni L, Berti E, Swerdlow SH, Ralfkiaer E, Chimenti S, Diaz-Perez JL, Duncan LM, Grange F, Harris NL, Kempf W, Kerl H, Kurrer M, Knobler R, Pimpinelli N, Sander C, Santucci M, Sterry W, Vermeer MH, Wechsler J, Whittaker S, Meijer CJ. WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneouslymphomas. Blood. 2005;105(10):3768–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Burg G, Kempf W, Cozzio A, Feit J, Willemze R, S Jaffe E, Dummer R, Berti E, Cerroni L, Chimenti S, Diaz-Perez JL, Grange F, Harris NL, Kazakov DV, Kerl H, Kurrer M, Knobler R, Meijer CJ, Pimpinelli N, Ralfkiaer E, Russell-Jones R, Sander C, Santucci M, Sterry W, Swerdlow SH, Vermeer MH, Wechsler J, Whittaker S. WHO/EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas 2005: histological and molecular aspects. J Cutan Pathol. 2005;32(10):647–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Carbone PP, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, Smithers DW, Tubiana M. Report of the committee on Hodgkin’s disease staging classification. Cancer Res. 1971;31:1860–1.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF, Cavalli F, Schwartz LH, Zucca E, Lister TA. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 2014;20;32(27):3059–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Deshpande V, Zen Y, Chan JK, Yi EE, Sato Y, Yoshino T, Klöppel G, Heathcote JG, Khosroshahi A, Ferry JA, Aalberse RC, Bloch DB, Brugge WR, Bateman AC, Carruthers MN, Chari ST, Cheuk W, Cornell LD, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Forcione DG, Hamilos DL, Kamisawa T, Kasashima S, Kawa S, Kawano M, Lauwers GY, Masaki Y, Nakanuma Y, Notohara K, Okazaki K, Ryu JK, Saeki T, Sahani DV, Smyrk TC, Stone JR, Takahira M, Webster GJ, Yamamoto M, Zamboni G, Umehara H, Stone JH. Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(9):1181–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Staudt LM. Molecular diagnosis of the hematologic cancers. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(18):1777–85. Review. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 19;348(25):2588.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hans CP, Weisenburger DD, Greiner TC, Gascoyne RD, Delabie J, Ott G, Müller-Hermelink HK, Campo E, Braziel RM, Jaffe ES, Pan Z, Farinha P, Smith LM, Falini B, Banham AH, Rosenwald A, Staudt LM, Connors JM, Armitage JO, Chan WC. Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Blood. 2004;103(1):275–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Naresh KN, Srinivas V, Soman CS. Distribution of various subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in India: a study of 2773 lymphomas using R.E.A.L. and WHO classifications. Ann Oncol. 2000;11(Suppl 1):63–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Srinivas V, Soman CS, Naresh KN. Study of the distribution of 289 non-Hodgkin lymphomas using the WHO classification among children and adolescents in India. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2002;39(1):40–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Craig FE, Foon KA. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping for hematologic neoplasms. Blood. 2008;111(8):3941–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Jennings CD, Foon KA. Recent advances in flow cytometry: application to the diagnosis of hematologic malignancy. Blood. 1997;90(8):2863–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gujral S, Polampalli SN, Badrinath Y, Kumar A, Subramanian PG, Nair R, Gupta S, Sengar M, Nair C. Immunophenotyping of mature B-cell non Hodgkin lymphoma involving bone marrow and peripheral blood: critical analysis and insights gained at a tertiary care cancer hospital. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009;50(8):1290–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Gujral S, Subramanian PG, Patkar N, Badrinath Y, Kumar A, Tembhare P, Vazifdar A, Khodaiji S, Madkaikar M, Ghosh K, Yargop M, Dasgupta A. Report of proceedings of the national meeting on “Guidelines for Immunophenotyping of Hematolymphoid Neoplasms by Flow Cytometry”. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2008;51(2):161–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gujral S, Badrinath Y, Kumar A, Subramanian PG, Raje G, Jain H, Pais A, Amre Kadam PS, Banavali SD, Arora B, Kumar P, Hari Menon VG, Kurkure PA, Parikh PM, Mahadik S, Chogule AB, Shinde SC, Nair CN. Immunophenotypic profile of acute leukemia: critical analysis and insights gained at a tertiary care center in India. Cytom B Clin Cytom. 2009;76(3):199–205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gujral S, Polampalli S, Badrinath Y, Kumar A, Subramanian PG, Nair R, Sengar M, Nair C. Immunophenotyping of mature T/NK cell neoplasm presenting as leukemia. Indian J Cancer. 2010;47(2):189–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Foucar K, Reichard K, Czuchlewski D. Bone marrow pathology. Chicago: ASCP; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bain BJ. Bone marrow trephine biopsy. J Clin Pathol. 2001;54(10):737–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Naresh KN, Lampert I, Hasserjian R, Lykidis D, Elderfield K, Horncastle D, Smith N, Murray-Brown W, Stamp GW. Optimal processing of bone marrow trephine biopsy: the Hammersmith protocol. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59(9):903–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hyun BH, Gulati GL, Ashton JK. Bone marrow examination: techniques and interpretation. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1988;2(4):513–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Thiele J, Kvasnicka HM, Facchetti F, Franco V, van der Walt J, Orazi A. European consensus on grading bone marrow fibrosis and assessment of cellularity. Haematologica. 2005;90(8):1128–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Campo E, Chott A, Kinney MC, Leoncini L, Meijer CJ, Papadimitriou CS, Piris MA, Stein H, Swerdlow SH. Update on extranodal lymphomas. Conclusions of the workshop held by the EAHP and the SH in Thessaloniki, Greece. Histopathology. 2006;48(5):481–504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Li JY, Guitart J, Pulitzer MP, Subtil A, Sundram U, Kim Y, Deonizio J, Myskowski PL, Moskowitz A, Horwitz S, Querfeld C. Multicenter case series of indolent small/medium-sized CD8+ lymphoid proliferations with predilection for the ear and face. Am J Dermatopathol. 2014;36(5):402–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wang L, Gao T, Wang G. Primary cutaneous CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma involving the epidermis and subcutis in a young child. J Cutan Pathol. 2015;42(4):271–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Dubois S, Viailly PJ, Mareschal S, Bohers E, Bertrand P, Ruminy P, Maingonnat C, Jais JP, Peyrouze P, Figeac M, Molina TJ, Desmots F, Fest T, Haioun C, Lamy T, Copie-Bergman C, Brière J, Petrella T, Canioni D, Fabiani B, Coiffier B, Delarue R, Peyrade F, Bosly A, André M, Ketterer N, Salles G, Tilly H, Leroy K, Jardin F. Next-generation sequencing in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma highlights molecular divergence and therapeutic opportunities: a LYSA study. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(12):2919–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India

    Sumeet Gujral

Authors
  1. Sumeet Gujral
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sumeet Gujral .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Renu Saxena

  2. Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Hara Prasad Pati

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gujral, S. (2019). Pathology of Lymphoreticular Tissues. In: Saxena, R., Pati, H. (eds) Hematopathology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7713-6_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7713-6_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-7712-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-7713-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation