Abstract
The metabolic havoc arising out of altered physiology of tissues leads to a continuously existing diabetic state. Basic defects have already occurred, and whether the glucose control is excellent or poor, the balance of actions between various organs, hormones, and fuels is always precarious as it can destabilize at the slightest provocation. Over a period of years, diabetes does initially cause functional as well as structural alterations later in organs and tissues. Thus there are the cumulative effects of years of being in diabetic state. These changes reach a stage of such deterioration that managing life becomes difficult. It must also be understood that diabetic state begins years before the actual diagnosis of diabetes is or can be made. IGT is a precursor of diabetes and exemplifies the diabetic state in organs, tissues, hormones, and fuel statuses. It is also widely believed that diabetic state on an average starts about 5–7 years in type 2 diabetes before diagnosis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gresele P, Guglielmini G, De Angelis M, et al. Acute, short term hyperglycemia enhances shear stress-induced platelet activation in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1013–20.
Williams SB, Goldfine AB, Timimi FK, et al. Acute hyperglycemia attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans in vivo. Circulation. 1998;97:1695–701.
Iwakura K, Ito H, Ikushima M, et al. Association between hyperglycemia and the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1–7.
Dziatkowiak H, Kowalska M, Denys A. Phagocytic and bactericidal activity of granulocytes in diabetic children. Diabetes. 1982;31:1041–3.
Gin H, Brottier E, Aubertin J. Influence of glyceaemic normalization by an artificial pancreas on phagocytic and bactericidal functions of granulocytes in insulin dependent diabetic patients. J Clin Pathol. 1984;37:1029–31.
Kjersem H, Hilsted J, Madsbad S, et al. Polymorphonuclear leucocyte dysfunction during short term metabolic changes from normo- to hyperglycemia in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients. Infection. 1988;16:215–21.
Repine JE, Clawson CC, Goetz FC. Bactericidal function of neutrophils from patients with acute bacterial infections and from diabetics. J Infect Dis. 1980;142:869–75.
Molenaar DM, Palumbo PJ, Wilson WR, et al. Leukocyte chemotaxis in diabetic patients and their nondiabetic first-degree relatives. Diabetes. 1976;25(Suppl 2):880–3.
Tennenberg SD, Finkenauer R, Dwivedi A. Absence of lipopolysaccharide-induced inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis in patients with diabetes. Arch Surg. 1999;134:1229–33.
Glister BC, Vigersky RA. Perioperative management of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2003;32:411–36.
Langouche L, Vanhorebeek I, Vlasselaers D, Perre SV, Wouters PJ, Skogstrand K, Hansen TK, Van den Berghe G. Intensive insulin therapy protects the endothelium of critically ill patients. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(8):2277–86, http://www.jci.org.
Sreekumar R, Halvatsiotis P, Schimke JC, Nair S. Gene expression profile in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes and the effects of insulin treatment. Diabetes. 2002;51:1913–20.
Asmann YW, Stump CS, Short KR, Conen-schimke J, Guo Z, Bigelow M, Nair KS. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions, mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, and gene transcript profiles in type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects at equal levels of low or high insulin and euglycemia. Diabetes. 2006;55:3309–19.
Joslin EP. Joslin’s textbook of diabetes mellitus. 14th ed. Boston, MA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2005, Indian edition.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kelkar, S., Muley, S., Ambardekar, P. (2019). Metabolic Havoc of Uncontrolled Diabetes. In: Towards Optimal Management of Diabetes in Surgery. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7705-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7705-1_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-7704-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-7705-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)