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What are Lichenized Fungi?

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Endolichenic Fungi: Present and Future Trends

Abstract

Conventionally lichens are considered as an example of symbiotic involvement between a fungus and one or more algae but it is widely debated and deserves further investigation. With the discovery of endolichenic and lichenicolous fungi this relationship becomes much more complex to explain. The lichen thallus in itself is a comparatively established and proportionate symbiotic association with both heterotrophic and autotrophic participants. If the parasitic lichenicolous fungi are considered as decomposers of this ecosystem then the lichen can be considered as an autonomous minuscule biological network. The lichens produces plethora of secondary metabolites, such as, phenolic compounds, dibenzofurans, depsides, depsidones, depsones, lactones, quinones and pulvinic acid derivatives, which are accumulated externally on the hyphae rather within the cells. These compounds not only play substantial role in characterizing a species but also have bioactive potential and allow lichens to be used as food, fodder, dyes, medicines and pharamaceuticals. Besides this, since time immemorial, lichens have been used as best bio-indicators of air pollution. But now days, these tiny creatures are facing high risk of extinction and needed to be conserved. These organisms can be protected by the preservation of habitats, in-situ conservation of ecological niches, and also by promoting research on lichens. This chapter discusses the unique details about lichens and the rationale of studying lichens like other higher plants.

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  1. Department of Botany, Kumaun University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

    Manish Tripathi & Yogesh Joshi

  2. Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Yogesh Joshi

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Tripathi, M., Joshi, Y. (2019). What are Lichenized Fungi?. In: Endolichenic Fungi: Present and Future Trends . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7268-1_1

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