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Association of East Asian Variant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Genotype (ALDH2*2*) with Coronary Spasm and Acute Myocardial Infarction

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Aldehyde Dehydrogenases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1193))

Abstract

Coronary spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease, including angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), silent myocardial ischemia, and sudden death. The prevalence of coronary spasm is higher among East Asians probably due to genetic as well as environmental factors. ALDH2 eliminates toxic aldehydes including 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) derived from lipid peroxidation and acrolein in tobacco smoking as well as ethanol-derived acetaldehyde and thereby protects tissues and cells from oxidative damage. Deficient variant ALDH2*2 genotype is prevalent among East Asians and is a significant risk factor for both coronary spasm and AMI through accumulation of toxic aldehydes, thereby contributing to oxidative stress, endothelial damage, vasoconstriction, and thrombosis. Toxic aldehydes are thus identified as risk factors to be targeted for the treatment of coronary spasm and AMI.

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Acknowledgment

This chapter was modified from the paper published by our group in Circulation [44] and J Am Heart Association [45]. The related contents are reused with the permission. We appreciate the secretarial assistance of Ms. Oda A. in the preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto City, Japan

    Hirofumi Yasue, Yuji Mizuno & Eisaku Harada

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  1. Hirofumi Yasue
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  2. Yuji Mizuno
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  3. Eisaku Harada
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Correspondence to Hirofumi Yasue .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Jun Ren

  2. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Yingmei Zhang

  3. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Junbo Ge

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Yasue, H., Mizuno, Y., Harada, E. (2019). Association of East Asian Variant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Genotype (ALDH2*2*) with Coronary Spasm and Acute Myocardial Infarction. In: Ren, J., Zhang, Y., Ge, J. (eds) Aldehyde Dehydrogenases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1193. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_7

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