Abstract
Globally, there has been a significant evolution in the development of wind energy. Nevertheless, the major difference between the highly stochastic nature of wind speed and the desired demands regarding the electrical energy quality and system stability is the main concern in wind energy system. Hence, wind energy generation according to the standard parameters imposed by the power industry is unachievable without the essential involvement of advanced control technique. In this book chapter, a novel indirect adaptive control for wind energy systems is proposed considering real load demand and weather parameters. The performance of existing neuro-fuzzy scheme is improved further using a Hermite wavelet in the proposed architecture. The parameters of the controller are trained adaptively online via backpropagation algorithm. The proposed control law adopts the free direct control model which shorten the weight of the lengthy pre-learning, and memory requirements for real time application. Various computer simulation results and performance comparison indexes are given to show that the proposed control law is better in terms of efficiency, output power and steady-state performance over the existing state-of-the-art.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bradai R, Boukenoui R, Kheldoun A et al (2017) Experimental assessment of new fast MPPT algorithm for PV systems under non-uniform irradiance conditions. Appl Energy 199:416–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2017.05.045
Osório GJ, Matias JCO, Catalão JPS (2015) Short-term wind power forecasting using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system combined with evolutionary particle swarm optimization, wavelet transform and mutual information. Renew Energy 75:301–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2014.09.058
Amjady N, Keynia F, Zareipour H (2011) Short-term wind power forecasting using ridgelet neural network. Electr Power Syst Res 81:2099–2107. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EPSR.2011.08.007
Khalid M, Savkin AV (2012) A method for short-term wind power prediction with multiple observation points. IEEE Trans Power Syst 27:579–586. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2160295
Xia S, Zhang Q, Hussain ST et al (2018) Impacts of integration of wind farms on power system transient stability. Appl Sci 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081289
Petković D, Ćojbas̆ić Z̆, Nikolić V et al (2014) Adaptive neuro-fuzzy maximal power extraction of wind turbine with continuously variable transmission. Energy 64:868–874. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENERGY.2013.10.094
Tan K, Islam S (2004) Optimum control strategies in energy conversion of PMSG wind turbine system without mechanical sensors. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 19:392–399. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2004.827038
Boukhezzar B, Siguerdidjane H (2009) Nonlinear control with wind estimation of a DFIG variable speed wind turbine for power capture optimization. Energy Convers Manag 50:885–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENCONMAN.2009.01.011
Lin C-H, (2014) Recurrent wavelet neural network control of a PMSG system based on a PMSM wind turbine emulator. TURKISH J Electr Eng Comput Sci 22:795–824. https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1208-3
Yin M, Li W, Chung CY et al (2017) Optimal torque control based on effective tracking range for maximum power point tracking of wind turbines under varying wind conditions. IET Renew Power Gener 11:501–510. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0635
Taveiros FEV, Barros LS, Costa FB (2015) Back-to-back converter state-feedback control of DFIG (doubly-fed induction generator)-based wind turbines. Energy 89:896–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENERGY.2015.06.027
Eriksson S, Kjellin J, Bernhoff H (2013) Tip speed ratio control of a 200 kW VAWT with synchronous generator and variable DC voltage. Energy Sci Eng 1:135–143. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.23
Zhong Q-H, Ruan Y, Zhao M-H, Tan L (2013) Application of variable-step hill climbing searching in maximum power point tracking for DFIG wind power generation system. Power Syst Prot Control 41:67–73
Lalouni S, Rekioua D, Idjdarene K, Tounzi A (2015) Maximum power point tracking based hybrid hill-climb search method applied to wind energy conversion system. Electr Power Components Syst 43:1028–1038. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2014.999143
Harrag A, Messalti S (2015) Variable step size modified P&O MPPT algorithm using GA-based hybrid offline/online PID controller. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 49:1247–1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2015.05.003
Jiang L (2015) An improved hybrid hill climb searching control for MPPT of wind power generation systems under fast varying wind speed. IET Conf Proc 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2015.0493
Rezaei MM (2018) A nonlinear maximum power point tracking technique for DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems. Eng Sci Technol an Int J 21:901–908. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JESTCH.2018.07.005
Li B, Tang W, Xiahou K, Wu Q (2017) Development of novel robust regulator for maximum wind energy extraction based upon perturbation and observation. Energies 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10040569
Kazmi SMR, Goto H, Guo H, Ichinokura O (2011) A novel algorithm for fast and efficient speed-sensorless maximum power point tracking in wind energy conversion systems. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 58:29–36. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2010.2044732
Huang C, Li F, Jin Z (2015) Maximum power point tracking strategy for large-scale wind generation systems considering wind turbine dynamics. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 62:2530–2539. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2015.2395384
Tang C, Soong WL, Freere P et al (2012) Dynamic wind turbine output power reduction under varying wind speed conditions due to inertia. Wind Energy 16:561–573. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1507
Kim K, Van TL, Lee D et al (2013) Maximum output power tracking control in variable-speed wind turbine systems considering rotor inertial power. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 60:3207–3217. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2012.2200210
Zhang X, Huang C, Hao S et al (2016) An improved adaptive-torque-gain MPPT control for direct-driven PMSG wind turbines considering wind farm turbulences. Energies 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9110977
Johnson KE, Pao LY, Balas MJ, Fingersh LJ (2006) Control of variable-speed wind turbines: standard and adaptive techniques for maximizing energy capture. IEEE Control Syst Mag 26:70–81. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2006.1636311
Xia Y, Ahmed KH, Williams BW (2011) A new maximum power point tracking technique for permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind energy conversion system. IEEE Trans Power Electron 26:3609–3620. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2162251
Xia Y, Ahmed KH, Williams BW (2013) Wind turbine power coefficient analysis of a new maximum power point tracking technique. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 60:1122–1132. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2012.2206332
Satpathy AS, Kishore NK, Kastha D, Sahoo NC (2014) Control scheme for a stand-alone wind energy conversion system. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 29:418–425. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2014.2303203
Zhao H, Wu Q, Rasmussen CN, Blanke M (2014) \(L_1\) adaptive speed control of a small wind energy conversion system for maximum power point tracking. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 29:576–584. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2014.2312978
Koutroulis E, Kalaitzakis K (2006) Design of a maximum power tracking system for wind-energy-conversion applications. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 53:486–494. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2006.870658
Heo SY, Kim MK, Choi JW (2015) Hybrid intelligent control method to improve the frequency support capability of wind energy conversion systems. Energies 8:11430–11451. https://doi.org/10.3390/en81011430
Martinez MI, Susperregui A, Tapia G (2017) Second-order sliding-mode-based global control scheme for wind turbine-driven DFIGs subject to unbalanced and distorted grid voltage. IET Electr Power Appl 11:1013–1022. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2016.0711
Martinez MI, Susperregui A, Tapia G, Xu L (2013) Sliding-mode control of a wind turbine-driven double-fed induction generator under non-ideal grid voltages. IET Renew Power Gener 7:370–379. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0172
Belmokhtar K, Doumbia ML, Agbossou K (2014) Novel fuzzy logic based sensorless maximum power point tracking strategy for wind turbine systems driven DFIG (doubly-fed induction generator). Energy 76:679–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.08.066
Hassan SZ, Li H, Kamal T et al (2017) An intelligent pitch angle control of wind turbine. In: 2017 international symposium on recent advances in electrical engineering (RAEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/RAEE.2017.8246144
Pucci M, Cirrincione M (2011) Neural MPPT control of wind generators with induction machines without speed sensors. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 58:37–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2010.2043043
Khanali M, Ahmadzadegan S, Omid M et al (2018) Optimizing layout of wind farm turbines using genetic algorithms in Tehran province, Iran. Int J Energy Environ Eng 9:399–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-018-0280-x
Chang TP (2011) Wind energy assessment incorporating particle swarm optimization method. Energy Convers Manag 52:1630–1637. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENCONMAN.2010.10.024
Yang X, Liu G, Li A, Van Dai L (2017) A predictive power control strategy for DFIGs based on a wind energy converter system. Energies 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10081098
Medjber A, Guessoum A, Belmili H, Mellit A (2016) New neural network and fuzzy logic controllers to monitor maximum power for wind energy conversion system. Energy 106:137–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENERGY.2016.03.026
Kamal S, Bandyopadhyay B (2014) Higher order sliding mode control: a control lyapunov function based approach. WSEAS Trans Syst Control 9:38–46
Selvi V, Umarani DR (2010) Comparative analysis of ant colony and particle swarm optimization techniques. Int J Comput Appl 5:4
Vzquez Prez S, Len Galvn JI, Garca Franquelo L et al (2009) Model predictive control with constant switching frequency using a discrete space vector modulation with virtual state vectors. In: International conference on industrial technology, Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. IEEE, pp 1–6
Kamal T, Karabacak M, Hassan SZ et al (2018) A robust online adaptive B-spline MPPT control of three-phase grid-coupled photovoltaic systems under real partial shading condition. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 1. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2018.2878358
Atakulreka A, Sutivong D (2007) Avoiding local minima in feedforward neural networks by simultaneous learning BT. In: Orgun MA, Thornton J (eds) AI 2007: advances in artificial intelligence. Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin, pp 100–109
Hassan SZ, Li H, Kamal T et al (2017) Neuro-fuzzy wavelet based adaptive MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic systems. Energies 10:394. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10030394
Abiyev RH, Kaynak O (2008) Identification and control of dynamic plants using fuzzy wavelet neural networks. In: 2008 IEEE international symposium on intelligent control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIC.2008.4635940
Badar R, Khan L (2013) Hybrid neuro-fuzzy legendre-based adaptive control algorithm for static synchronous series compensator. Electr Power Compon Syst. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2013.792882
Cao C, Ma L, Xu Y (2012) Adaptive control theory and applications. J Control Sci Eng 2012:2
Tao G (2003) Adaptive control design and analysis. Wiley
Mumtaz S, Khan L, Ahmed S, Bader R (2017) Indirect adaptive soft computing based wavelet-embedded control paradigms for WT/PV/SOFC in a grid/charging station connected hybrid power system. PLoS One 12:e0183750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183750
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully thank to Tallinn University of Technology and Archimedes Foundation for providing Dora Plus grant in the frame of the European Regional Development Funds Doctoral Studies and Internationalisation Programme.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kamal, T., Karabacak, M., Hassan, S.Z., Fernández Ramírez, L.M., Roasto, I., Khan, L. (2019). An Indirect Adaptive Control Paradigm for Wind Generation Systems. In: Precup, RE., Kamal, T., Zulqadar Hassan, S. (eds) Advanced Control and Optimization Paradigms for Wind Energy Systems. Power Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5995-8_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5995-8_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-5994-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-5995-8
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)