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Wearable and Wireless Systems for Healthcare II pp 25–36Cite as

Traditional Ordinal Strategies for Establishing the Severity and Status of Movement Disorders, Such as Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor

Part of the Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation book series (SSMI,volume 31)

Abstract

Ordinal scale strategies are standardly applied to diagnose the severity of neurodegenerative movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and Essential tremor. A clinician is tasked with the challenge of assigning an ordinal parameter based on a series of criteria to quantify a subjectively observed interpretation. Multiple ordinal scale systems exist for evaluating movement disorder symptoms. However, the issue is the uncertainty of translating the findings of one scale to another. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and upgraded Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) are commonly utilized for evaluating Parkinson’s disease severity. The Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale is prevalently applied for Essential tremor. There are issues of concern regarding the application of ordinal scale approaches for determining the state of progressive neurodegenerative movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and Essential tremor. The reliability of ordinal scale systems has not been conclusively established, and interpretive disparity is apparent respective of experience. A novel resolution is the introduction of wearable and wireless inertial sensor systems to objectively quantify movement disorder tremor. The inertial signal (accelerometer and/or gyroscope) can readily record the intrinsic characteristics of tremor for both Parkinson’s disease and Essential tremor. Successful testing and evaluation have even demonstrated the efficacy of deep brain stimulation systems for Parkinson’s disease and Essential tremor using a smartphone as a wearable and wireless inertial sensor system. These findings enable the pathways for developing Network Centric Therapy, which is in essence the emergence of the Internet of Things for healthcare regarding the domains of robustly diagnosing severity of neurodegenerative movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and Essential tremor.

Keywords

  • Ordinal scale
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Essential tremor
  • Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)
  • Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS)
  • Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale
  • Wearable and wireless system
  • Network Centric Therapy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA

    Robert LeMoyne

  2. Independent, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Timothy Mastroianni

  3. Department of Neurosurgery Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network Neuroscience Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Donald Whiting & Nestor Tomycz

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  1. Robert LeMoyne
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  2. Timothy Mastroianni
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  3. Donald Whiting
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  4. Nestor Tomycz
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LeMoyne, R., Mastroianni, T., Whiting, D., Tomycz, N. (2019). Traditional Ordinal Strategies for Establishing the Severity and Status of Movement Disorders, Such as Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor. In: Wearable and Wireless Systems for Healthcare II. Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation, vol 31. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5808-1_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5808-1_3

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