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Long-Term Follow-Up Study of Residents Exposed to Cadmium in Kakehashi River Basin, Ishikawa, Japan

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Cadmium Toxicity

Abstract

The Kakehashi River basin in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, was polluted with cadmium (Cd) owing to mining activities in the early twentieth century. After mining operations ceased, all polluted soil was removed and replaced by 1988. An epidemiological study in 1981–1982 showed 19.7% of Cd-exposed residents had renal tubular dysfunction by β2-microglobulin (β2-MG)-uria. A 28-year follow-up study found renal dysfunction was irreversible. Bone damage was also found in Cd-exposed residents with renal tubular dysfunction. Biological half-life of urinary (U)-Cd was estimated as 12.4 years in men and 11.4 years in women for unadjusted U-Cd and 16.0 years in men and 20.4 years in women for creatinine-adjusted U-Cd. Age-adjusted benchmark dose limit (BMDL) of U-Cd for β2-MG-uria was 3.5 μg/g creatinine (Cr) in men and 3.7 μg/g Cr in women. The lowest BMDL of rice-Cd for β2-MG-uria was 0.25 mg/kg in men and 0.24 mg/kg in women. Lifetime Cd intake was 1.3 g.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

    Kazuhiro Nogawa & Yasushi Suwazono

  2. Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

    Teruhiko Kido

Authors
  1. Kazuhiro Nogawa
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  2. Yasushi Suwazono
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  3. Teruhiko Kido
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Teruhiko Kido .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan

    Seiichiro Himeno

  2. Hagino Hospital, Toyama, Japan

    Keiko Aoshima

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Nogawa, K., Suwazono, Y., Kido, T. (2019). Long-Term Follow-Up Study of Residents Exposed to Cadmium in Kakehashi River Basin, Ishikawa, Japan. In: Himeno, S., Aoshima, K. (eds) Cadmium Toxicity. Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3630-0_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3630-0_4

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  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-3630-0

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