Abstract
Social development is a paired concept with economic development, and environmental sustainability is their common foundation. The linkage between these two types of development and environmental sustainability is established by the installation of an integrated environmental management system in a society, which means an appropriate control of human activities in production and consumption for sustainable development. A solid waste management system is regarded as one of the typical integrated environmental management systems, aiming to control human activities that generate solid waste, ensure public health conditions, and protect the environment in a proactive way. To functionalize and enhance the solid waste management system, social consensus and cooperation for sustainability are required in addition to adequate technological interventions. Based on the experience of improving solid waste management systems in a developing country, the crucial roles of public consensus building and promotion of cooperative measures among people and community are discussed as a typical example of social development process.
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Notes
- 1.
Environmental burden means any human activity affecting the environment or any consequence of such activity which has caused environmental pollution, destruction, deterioration, or exhaustion of a natural resource.
- 2.
The two-state solution refers to a political solution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict through establishing an independent State of Palestine alongside the State of Israel.
- 3.
The Oslo II Accord (The Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, 1995) classified the West Bank, Palestine into three administrative divisions: Areas A, B, and C. Area A is exclusively administered by the PA; Area B is administered by both the PA and Israel; and Area C, which contains the Israeli settlements, is administered by Israel. Area C formally comprises about 61% of the West Bank (World Bank 2013). Areas A and B are mostly populated areas, and in general, Area C has suitable places for waste treatment facilities and disposal sites.
- 4.
Lately, the term Joint Service Council (JSC) is widely used instead of JCspd.
- 5.
There are eleven governorates in West Bank and five in Gaza Strip, Palestine.
- 6.
Lately, another sanitary landfill was also constructed by the World Bank. Known as the Al Menya Sanitary Landfill, it is for disposal of solid waste generated from the southern part of West Bank.
- 7.
Approximately, 2.60 US dollars/household/month (as of January 2007).
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Acknowledgements
The author expresses sincere gratitude to the Palestinian colleagues who are working for solid waste management in their country, and to JICA officers, the JICA expert team, the World Bank expert, and the members of relevant agencies. The views expressed in this paper are the author’s and do not necessarily reflect the official positions of JICA or the Palestinian Authority.
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Yoshida, M. (2020). Social Development and the Environment—A View from Solid Waste Management. In: Hori, S., Takamura, Y., Fujita, T., Kanie, N. (eds) International Development and the Environment. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3594-5_3
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