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Antimicrobial and Cell-Penetrating Peptides: How to Understand Two Distinct Functions Despite Similar Physicochemical Properties

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Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB, volume 1117)

Abstract

Antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides are both classes of membrane-active peptides sharing similar physicochemical properties. Both kinds of peptides have attracted much attention owing to their specific features. AMPs disrupt cell membranes of bacteria and display urgently needed antibiotic substances with alternative modes of action. Since the multidrug resistance of bacterial pathogens is a more and more raising concern, AMPs have gained much interest during the past years. On the other side, CPPs enter eukaryotic cells without substantially affecting the plasma membrane. They can be used as drug delivery platforms and have proven their usefulness in various applications. However, although both groups of peptides are quite similar, their intrinsic activity is often different, and responsible factors are still in discussion. The aim of this chapter is to summarize and shed light on recent findings and concepts dealing with differences and similarities of AMPs and CPPs and to understand these different functions.

Keywords

Antimicrobial peptides Cell-penetrating peptides Plasma membranes Drug delivery Lipid-peptide interaction 

Abbreviations

AMP

Antimicrobial peptide

CD

Circular dichroism

CPP

Cell-penetrating peptide

CS

Chondroitin sulfate

DSC

Differential scanning calorimetry

EM

Electron microscopy

EPR

Electron paramagnetic resonance

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

FMM

Functional membrane microdomain

GAG

Glycosaminoglycan

GPMV

Giant plasma membrane vesicle

GUV

Giant unilamellar vesicle

HS

Heparan sulfate

IR

Infrared

Ld

Liquid disordered

Lo

Liquid ordered

LTA

Lipoteichoic acid

LUV

Large unilamellar vesicle

MALDI

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

MS

Mass spectrometry

NMR

Nuclear magnetic resonance

OBOC

One bead one compound

PC

Phosphatidylcholine

PE

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PG

Phosphatidylglycerol

PI

Phosphatidylinositol

PS

Phosphatidylserine

QSAR

Quantitative structure-activity relation-ship

ROS

Reactive oxygen species

STED

Stimulated emission depletion

SUV

Small unilamellar vesicle

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© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Chemistry, Institute for BiochemistryUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

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