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Disruptive Technologies for the Militaries and Security

Part of the book series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ((SIST,volume 132))

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Abstract

Materials have always been a fundamental part of human civilization and social progress. Materials of different kinds have also had a tremendous impact on human society as a whole as well as defence establishments in particular. Since ancient times, human progress has been dependent on the innovative use of available materials. An archaeological system called three-age system that depicts the advancement of societies explains this phenomenon succinctly.

Author has coauthored a book on this subject titled Strategic Materials: A Resource Challenge for India, Pentagon Press, 2014. This chapter has been developed based on the work presented in this book.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The Carter Doctrine was a policy proclaimed by the US President in his State of the Union Address on 23 January 1980, which stated that the USA would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf region. The doctrine was a response to the threat posed by the Soviet troops in Afghanistan to the free movement of Middle East oil.

  2. 2.

    For this section, these websites were also visited, http://www.springer.com/in/book/9783319283425 and https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3155 and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079642516300068 and http://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.4980836 and https://www.nature.com/articles/nnano.2014.325 and http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/27/25/253002, accessed on Nov 23, 2017.

  3. 3.

    Work undertaken by the researchers at Ohio State University (Columbus). Colin Johnson [21].

  4. 4.

    For this section, these websites were also visited, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921510717300600 and https://www.nature.com/articles/s41699-017-0007-5 and Castellanos-Gomez [22].

  5. 5.

    Researchers in Berkeley Lab’s Materials Sciences Division (MSD) with Cornel and Ritsumeikan University.

  6. 6.

    Chevrons are the saw-tooth patterns on the trailing edges of some jet engine nozzles that are used for noise reduction. Hot air from the engine core mixes with cooler air blowing through the engine fan, and the shaped edges serve to smooth the mixing, which reduces noise creating turbulence.

  7. 7.

    For this section, the author has also visited the sites like https://www.wired.com/2007/08/aerogel-armor/ and https://www.businessinsider.in/This-cloud-like-futuristic-material-has-been-sneaking-its-way-into-your-life-since-1931/articleshow/48560390.cms and http://illumin.usc.edu/126/aerogel-the-insulative-frozen-smoke/ and https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6499 and https://www.sciencealert.com/you-can-now-3d-print-one-of-the-world-s-lightest-materials-aerogel, accessed on 20 February 2018.

  8. 8.

    For this section, these websites were also referred too http://www.explainthatstuff.com/kevlar.html and https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/what-is-kevlar-material-clothing-why-kevlar-armor-vests-bulletproof.html and https://www.safeguardarmor.com/uk/articles/kevlar-uses/ and https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-makes-kevlar-so-stro/ and http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2017/SM/c7sm00095b#!divAbstract and https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171115155628.htm and http://web.mit.edu/, accessed during 20–27 December 2017 https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/nanotubes-make-kevlar-armour-smarter/3007057.article and http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2014/TC/C4TC00903G#!divAbstract; for this section, the websites were accessed during 18–24 Dec 2017.

  9. 9.

    For this section, all these websites were also visited, https://www.isa.org.jm/files/documents/EN/Brochures/ENG7.pdf and http://www.nio.org/?option=com_projectdisplay&task=view&tid=2&sid=15&pid=15 and https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/india-and-international-seabed-authority-for-exploration-of-polymetallic-nodules-contract-extended and http://www.moes.gov.in/programmes/polymetallic-nodules-programme-pmnhttps://qz.com/1024852/to-counter-chinas-rise-in-the-indian-ocean-india-must-dive-deeper/ and http://www.moes.gov.in/programmes/polymetallic-nodules-programme-pmn and http://ecological.panda.org/2014/07/25/whats-happening-polymetallic-nodules/; all these sources were accessed during 20–30 December 2017.

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  1. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi, India

    Ajey Lele

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Lele, A. (2019). New Materials. In: Disruptive Technologies for the Militaries and Security. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 132. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3384-2_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3384-2_4

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