Abstract
This chapter describes image-based flame temperature and soot characterization for biodiesel combustion in a constant volume combustion chamber. Flame temperature and qualitative soot emissions were derived from correlated color temperature (CCT) and hue–saturation–value calculations based on high-speed imaging. The direct imaging was carried out in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) under simulated diesel engine conditions. Three different biodiesels produced from Jatropha oil, Karanja oil, and waste cooking oil (WCO) were utilized for the comparison. Conventional diesel fuel was tested as a baseline fuel. The fuels were injected by a common-rail injection system under ambient pressure of 5 MPa and ambient temperature of 978.15 K. Fuel injection pressure was varied from 40 to 120 MPa to investigate effects of injection pressure on spray flame. The experimental results showed that the flame intensity and flame area got smaller as the injection pressure increased regardless of fuels. It implies that the soot formation slowed down due to enhanced air–fuel mixing. As the mixture quality was improved under high-pressure condition, the ignition delay got shortened. In terms of fuel, biodiesel fuels showed lower soot emissions than diesel due to inherent oxygen content in the fuel molecules. WCO biodiesel showed the largest soot emission reduction among the tested fuels. Meanwhile, Karanja biodiesel showed relatively higher soot emissions due to inferior fuel properties. Temperature analysis showed lower temperature field in biodiesel spray flame as their soot emissions were lower.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agarwal A (2012) Endoscopic combustion diagnostics of biodiesel fueled compression ignition engine. IIT Kanpur, July 2012
Agarwal AK, Gupta T, Kothari A (2011) Particulate emissions from biodiesel vs diesel fueled compression ignition engine. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15:3278–3300
Cantrell K, Erenas MM, de Orbe-Payá I, Capitán-Vallvey LF (2009) Use of the hue parameter of the hue, saturation, value color space as a quantitative analytical parameter for bitonal optical sensors. Anal Chem 82:531–542
Hernández-Andrés J, Lee RL, Romero J (1999) Calculating correlated color temperatures across the entire gamut of daylight and skylight chromaticities. Appl Opt 38:5703–5709
Huang HW, Zhang Y (2010a) Dynamic application of digital image and colour processing in characterizing flame radiation features. Meas Sci Technol 21:1–9
Huang H, Zhang Y (2010b) Dynamic application of digital image and color processing in characterizing flame radiation features. Meas Sci Technol 21:1–9
Huang H, Zhang Y (2011) Digital color image processing based measurement of premixed CH4+ air and C2H4+ air flame chemiluminescence. Fuel 90:48–53
Hwang J, Qi D, Jung Y, Bae C (2014) Effect of injection parameters on the combustion and emission characteristics in a common-rail direct injection diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel. Renew Energy 63:9–17
Hwang J, Jung Y, Bae C (2015) Comprehensive assessment of soot particles from waste cooking oil biodiesel and diesel in a compression ignition engine. SAE Int J Fuels Lubr 8:290–297. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0809
Hwang J, Bae C, Gupta T (2016) Application of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel in a compression ignition engine. Fuel 176:20–31
Hwang J, Bae C, Patel C, Agarwal RA, Gupta T, Agarwal AK (2017) Investigations on air-fuel mixing and flame characteristics of biodiesel fuels for diesel engine application. Appl Energy 206:1203–1213
Manin J, Skeen S, Pickett L (2014) Effects of oxygenated fuels on combustion and soot formation/oxidation processes. SAE Int J Fuels Lubr 7:704–717
Patel RL, Sankhavara CD (2017) Biodiesel production from Karanja oil and its use in diesel engine: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 71:464–474
Smith A (1978) Color gamut transform pairs. In: Proceeding of 5th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques, 12–19, 1978
South Korea: Fuels: diesel and gasoline | Transport policy (2018). Available from: https://www.transportpolicy.net/standard/south-korea-fuels-diesel-and-gasoline/
Svensson K, Mackrory A, Richards M, Tree D (2005) Calibration of an RGB, CCD camera and interpretation of its two-color images for KL and temperature. SAE Tech Pap 2005-01-0648. https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0648
Wikipedia, “Color temperature,” Wikipedia Foundation, Inc., 10 08 2017 [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperature. Accessed 23 July 2018
Acknowledgements
The work undertaken in Korea was financially supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea (2014K1A3A1A19067560) and that undertaken in India was financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology of India (INT/KOREA/P-23 dated 06-07-2015) under the Indo-Korea Joint International Cooperation Project. The support is gratefully acknowledged. This funding enabled researchers to participate in exchange visits to conduct experiments and develop consumables.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hwang, J., Hirner, F.S., Bae, C., Patel, C., Gupta, T., Agarwal, A.K. (2019). Image-Based Flame Temperature and Soot Analysis of Biofuel Spray Combustion. In: Agarwal, A., Dhar, A., Sharma, N., Shukla, P. (eds) Engine Exhaust Particulates. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3299-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3299-9_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-3298-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-3299-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)