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Turning Coal Fly Ash into Zeolite for Effective Waste Management

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Pollutants from Energy Sources

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

Abstract

Despite of technological advancements in energy generation, the augmented usage of electric power, and shortfalls of alternate energy sources forced humankind to rely on coal based electric power. Nevertheless, a low cost and abundant availability, exponentially multiplied the number of coal thermal power plants thereby producing massive volumes of coal fly ash. The toxic nature of these atmospheric pollutant obtained by burning coal posed a serious question to humankind and is considered as the epidemic research area across the globe. Spinning to the other end of the coin, coal fly ash, is a precious waste material with a wide range of applicability, but the refrainment of not being utilized to the fullest extent makes this material underrated. However, the rapid advancement of the technological innovations and the increased efforts and focus toward the CFA utilization breaks the barrier to an extent by developing various applications. Though there is a massive imbalance in the production and the consumption rates, in which the minimum quantity is being utilized, and the rest is directly dumped as a waste material causing substantial contamination to the water bodies and the air. In this regard, the zeolite generation and their application in the acid mine treatment, wastewater treatment technologies could offer some resistance such that, the standards of the consumption rate are enhanced. In lieu of this, the more effective utilization technique followed was synthesizing zeolites from CFA. This, in turn, could be a better solution that serves the dual role of harnessing the environmental contamination and the water bodies that is prominent in the developing nations. The present study refers to the physiochemical properties of CFA, toxic nature of CFA, environmental impact and finally, the surging need to enhance the present and possible futuristic applications especially zeolite. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the coal fly ash and its mode of utilization worldwide for future research especially the synthesis of zeolite are considered.

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Abbreviations

Al:

Alumina

ASTM:

American standard for testing material

Ca:

Calcium

CEC:

Cation exchange capacity

CFA:

Coal fly ash

Fe:

Iron

HAP:

Hazardous air pollutants

HDTMA:

Hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride

LCA:

Life-cycle assessment

Mg:

Magnesium

Na:

Sodium

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

SBU:

Secondary building unit

SDMBA:

Stearyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride

Si:

Silica

ZSM:

Zeolite Socony Mobil

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, 64002, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC

    A. R. K. Gollakota & Chi-Min Shu

  2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot, 360003, Gujarat, India

    Sneha Gautam

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  1. A. R. K. Gollakota
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  2. Chi-Min Shu
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  3. Sneha Gautam
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Correspondence to A. R. K. Gollakota .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rashmi Avinash Agarwal

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Avinash Kumar Agarwal

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Tarun Gupta

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Nikhil Sharma

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Gollakota, A.R.K., Shu, CM., Gautam, S. (2019). Turning Coal Fly Ash into Zeolite for Effective Waste Management. In: Agarwal, R., Agarwal, A., Gupta, T., Sharma, N. (eds) Pollutants from Energy Sources. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3281-4_13

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