Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

State Restructuring and the Internationalization of Capital in Southeast Asia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Rise of International Capital

Part of the book series: Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific ((CSAP))

  • 238 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter examines the state restructuring of the ASEAN member countries and how it is crucially linked to the emergence of internationally oriented fractions of capital and the process of international expansion that follows. It will look at the case study of Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. The discussion of these countries provides a broader context of the state restructuring and the internationalization of capital across the Southeast Asian region, before looking into a close study of Indonesia which will be explained in two separate chapters. This chapter explains the way in which the internationalization of capital is linked to the process of state restructuring. With the transformation of new internationally oriented fractions of capital, the state helps reproduce the social relationships that underpin capitalist expansion beyond territorial frontiers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Interview with Hassan Wirajuda, Indonesian Foreign Minister (2001–2009), in Jakarta, 27 May 2015.

  2. 2.

    In the late 1960s, for example, the Chinese ethnic groups were the predominant domestic economic force, owning 22.8% of total corporate equity in the country; while the Malays owned a mere 1.5%, and the Indians 0.9%. Foreign firms, then the largest owners of corporate equity in the Malaysian economy, owned 62.1% of share capital in private firms operating in the country (Gomez, 2006: 119).

  3. 3.

    In this case, the government assured political stability for foreign investment which was largely supported by the US government. The United States had provided substantial aid even prior to the military coups, mainly for military assistance. This aid increased and broadened after the military came to power with Thailand being the centerpiece in the US Cold War strategy in Asia. In addition, Thailand’s membership of the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization had benefited the ruling elites in their own fight against domestic communist movement, particularly in the poor and rural northeast of the country (Girling, 1981: 240).

  4. 4.

    Nearly all Hong Kong FDI during the 1980s was recycled from other countries. Much of it was the United Kingdom and European capital.

  5. 5.

    The localization policy became part of the state strategies to increase the Thai automotive firms’ scale. The important impacts of the policy were as follows: First, it led to local firms producing components as suppliers to multiple assembly firms. Second, from the mid-1980s, Japanese component manufacturers moved to Thailand, establishing joint ventures and technical arrangements, and producing superior components for exports. Hence, by the 1980s, Japan absorbed 90% of automobile sales in Thailand, and a high proportion in Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. There had to be a change to local production. The Thai government thus promoted the use of local products, greater technology dispersion, and local production for export (Brown, 2006: 291).

  6. 6.

    Interview with Rizal Ramli, Indonesian Coordinating Minister for Economy (2000–2001); Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs (2015–2016), Jakarta, 7 April 2015.

  7. 7.

    Apart from owning the Lion Air Group, Rusdi Kirana has also managed to establish a high political position. In 2014, he was appointed vice chairman of the Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB), a political party which was founded by the late President Abdurrahman Wahid. In 2015, he was appointed by President Joko Widodo as a member of the Presidential Advisory Council (Dewan Pertimbangan Presiden; Wantimpres). In 2017 he was appointed as the Indonesian ambassador to Malaysia after he requested the position directly from the president (Kompas, 18 May 2017).

  8. 8.

    The Chearavanont family (consists of four brothers, Jaran, Montri, Sumet, and Dhanin Chearavanont) are the richest conglomerates in Thailand, according to Forbes’ Thailand’s 50 Richest in 2015. Under the chairmanship of Dhanin, the Group has reached the top position with a net worth of about US$18.5 billion (see Forbes, 2015; Karmali, 2015).

Bibliography

  • [IndII] Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative. 2011. “National Strategy for the Implementation of ASEAN Open Sky Policy Stage 2: Final Report.” Jakarta: Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative (IndII).

    Google Scholar 

  • Akrasanee, Narongchai, and David Stifel. 1992. “The Political Economy of the ASEAN Free Trade Area.” In ASEAN: The Way Ahead, edited by Pearl Imada and Seiji Naya. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alavi, Rokiah. 2014. “Malaysia’s Participation in the ASEAN Economic Community.” In Malaysia’s Socio-Economic Transformation: Ideas for the Next Decade, edited by Sanchita Basu Das and Lee Poh Onn. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • ASEAN. 2008. ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Asia Times. 2002. “Singapore’s Regionalization Challenge.” July 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Athukorala, Prema-Chandra. 2003. Crisis and Recovery in Malaysia: The Role of Capital Controls. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballantyne, Tom. 2013. “Mirage or Reality?” Orient Aviation, May. Available from: <http://www.orientaviation.com/articles/290/mirage-or-reality?>, accessed 22 June 2016.

  • Barr, Michael D. 2014. Ruling Elite of Singapore, The: Networks of Power and Influence. London: I. B. Taurus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boswell, Terry, and Christopher K. Chase-Dunn. 2000. The Spiral of Capitalism and Socialism: Toward Global Democracy. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, Rajeswary Ampalavanar. 2006. The Rise of the Corporate Economy in Southeast Asia. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, Richard. 1987. “The state and the Internationalisation of Capital: An Approach to Analysis.” Journal of Contemporary Asia No. 17 (3):253–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, Toby. 2012. “Working On, Through and Around the State: The Deep Marketisation of Development in the Asia-Pacific.” Journal of Contemporary Asia No. 42 (3):378–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, Toby, and Darryl S. L. Jarvis. 2014. “Introduction: Financialisation and Development in Asia under Late Capitalism.” Asian Studies Review No. 38 (4):533–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Sea-Jin, ed. 2006. Business Groups in East Asia: Financial Crisis, Restructuring, and New Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charoen-Pokphand-Foods. 2015. Annual Review 2015: Kitchen of the World. Bangkok: Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chee, Peng Lim, and Edmund Terence Gomez. 1994. “Malaysian Sogoshoshas: Superficial Cloning, Failed Emulation.” In Japan and Malaysian Development: In the Shadow of the Rising Sun, edited by K. S. Jomo, 232–243. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chua, Beng-Huat. 1997. Political Legitimacy and Housing: Stakeholding in Singapore. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daquila, Teofilo C. 2005. The economies of Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. New York: Nova Science Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Statistics Singapore. 2015. Singapore’s Direct Investment Abroad 2015. Singapore: Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade and Industry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doraisami, Anita. 2005. “The Political Economy of Capital Flows and Capital Controls in Malaysia.” Journal of Contemporary Asia No. 35 (2):249–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fauzi, Yuliyanna. 2017. “Indonesia Ajukan Banding Kasus Impor Daging ke WTO Bulan Ini.” CNN Indonesia, February 1. Available from: <https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20170201135212-92-190538/indonesia-ajukan-banding-kasus-impor-daging-ke-wto-bulan-ini>, accessed 20 December 2017.

  • Fernandes, Tan Sri Tony. 2016. “Now Everyone Can Fly.” In Asia 2025, 84–88. London: Asia House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes. 2015. “Thailand’s 50 Richest.” June. Available from: <https://www.forbes.com/thailand-billionaires/list/>, accessed 30 June 2017.

  • GIC (Government of Singapore Investment Corporation). 2014. GIC: Report on the Management of the Government’s Portfolio for the Year 2013/14. Singapore: GIC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girling, John. 1981. Thailand, Society, and Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glassman, Jim. 1999. “State Power beyond the ‘Territorial Trap’: The Internationalization of the State.” Political Geography No. 18 (6):669–696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glassman, Jim. 2004. “Economic “Nationalism” in a Post-Nationalist Era: The Political Economy of Economic Policy in Post-Crisis Thailand.” Critical Asian Studies No. 36 (1):37–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glassman, Jim. 2010. ““The Provinces Elect Governments, Bangkok Overthrows Them”: Urbanity, Class and Post-democracy in Thailand.” Urban Studies No. 47 (6):1301–1323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GlobeAsia. 2015. The King of the Skies. Volume 9, No. 2, February.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, Edmund Terence. 2002a. “Political Business in Malaysia: Party Factionalism, Corporate Development and Economic Crisis.” In Political Business in East Asia, edited by Edmund Terence Gomez, 82–114. London: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, Edmund Terence, ed. 2002b. Political Business in East Asia. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, Edmund Terence. 2006. “Malaysian Business Groups: The State and Capital Development in the Post-Currency Crisis Period.” In Business Groups in East Asia: Financial Crisis, Restructuring, and New Growth, edited by Sea-Jin Chang, 119–146. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, Edmund Terence. 2009. “The Rise and Fall of Capital: Corporate Malaysia in Historical Perspective.” Journal of Contemporary Asia No. 39 (3):345–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, Edmund Terence, and K. S. Jomo. 1997. Malaysia’s Political Economy: Politics, Patronage and Profits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, Edmund Terence, and K. S. Jomo. 1999. Malaysia’s Political Economy: Politics, Patronage and Profits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewison, Kevin. 1989. Bankers and Bureaucrats: Capital and the Role of the State in Thailand. New Haven, CT: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, Yale Center for International and Area Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewison, Kevin. 1997. “Thailand: Capitalist Development and the State.” In The Political Economy of South-East Asia. An Introduction, edited by Garry Rodan, Kevin Hewison and Richard Robison, 93–120. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewison, Kevin. 2000. “Thailand’s Capitalism Before and After the Economic Crisis.” In Politics and Markets in the Wake of the Asian Crisis, edited by Richard Robison, Mark Beeson, Kanishka Jayasuriya and Hyuk-Rae Kim, 192–211. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewison, Kevin. 2005. “Neo-liberalism and Domestic Capital: The Political Outcomes of the Economic Crisis in Thailand.” The Journal of Development Studies No. 41 (2):310–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hewison, Kevin. 2006. “Thailand: Boom, Bust and Recovery.” In The Political Economy of South-East Asia. Markets, Power and Contestation, edited by Garry Rodan, Kevin Hewison and Richard Robison, 74–109. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, Andrew. 2011. “Thaksin Shinawatra’s Sister is Front-Runner to Become Thai Leader.” The Washington Post, June 13. Available from: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/thaksins-sister-is-front-runner-to-become-thai-prime-minister/2011/06/05/AGAALATH_story.html?utm_term=.a6b9c3fc046e>, accessed 26 June 2017.

  • Huat, Chua Beng. 2016. “State-Owned Enterprises, State Capitalism and Social Distribution in Singapore.” The Pacific Review No. 29 (4):499–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IE Singapore. 2016. Annual Report 2015/2016: The Multiplier Effect. Singapore: International Enterprise Singapore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, Karel. 1990. Finance, Growth and Stability: Financing Economic Development in Thailand, 1960–86. Avebury: Gower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jessop, Bob. 1995. “The Regulation Approach, Governance and Post-Fordism: Alternative Perspectives on Economic and Political Change?” Economy and Society No. 24 (3):307–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jessop, Bob. 2015. “Crises, Crisis-Management and State Restructuring: What Future for the State?” Policy & Politics No. 43 (4):475–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jesudason, James V. 1997a. “Chinese Business and Ethnic Equilibrium in Malaysia.” Development and Change No. 28 (1):119–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jesudason, James V. 1997b. “The Developmental Clientelist State: The Malaysian Case.” Humboldt Journal of Social Relations No. 23 (1–2):147–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, Chalmers. 1982. MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925–1975. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jomo, K. S., ed. 1993. Industrialising Malaysia: Policy, Performance, Prospects. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jomo, K. S. 2000. “Economic Considerations for a Renewed Nationalism.” Journal of Contemporary Asia No. 30 (3):338–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, Lee. 2015. “Explaining the Failure of the ASEAN Economic Community: The Primacy of Domestic Political Economy.” The Pacific Review No. 29 (5):1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, M. R. 1997. “Spatial Selectivity of the State? The Regulationist Enigma and Local Struggles over Economic Governance.” Environment and Planning A No. 29 (5):831–864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Julianto, Pramdia Arhando. 2016. “Indonesia Akan Banding Putusan WTO Soal Pembatasan Impor.” Kompas, December 23. Available from: <http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2016/12/23/212032226/indonesia.akan.banding.putusan.wto.soal.pembatasan.impor>, accessed 20 December 2017.

  • Karmali, Naazneen. 2015. Thailand’s 50 Richest 2015: Collective Wealth Crosses $100 Billion. Forbes Asia, June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kompas. 2017. “Rusdi Kirana Akui Minta Jabatan Dubes Malaysia ke Jokowi.” May 18. Available from: <http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2017/05/18/12222241/rusdi.kirana.akui.minta.jabatan.dubes.malaysia.ke.jokowi>, accessed 21 July 2017.

  • Lee, Liz. 2014. “Malaysia More Receptive to Asean Economic Community.” The Star Online, August 21. Available from: <http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2014/08/21/malaysia-more-ready-than-neighbours-for-asean-economic-community/>, accessed 19 June 2017.

  • MacLeod, Gordon, and Mark Goodwin. 1999. “Reconstructing an Urban and Regional Political Economy: On the State, Politics, Scale, and Explanation.” Political Geography No. 18 (6):697–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCargo, Duncan, and Ukrist Pathmanand. 2005. The Thaksinization of Thailand. Copenhagen: NIAS Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMillan, Charles J. 1996. The Japanese Industrial System. 3rd ed. New York and Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Milne, R. S. 1986. “Malaysia-Beyond the New Economic Policy.” Asian Survey No. 26 (12):1364–1382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nesadurai, Helen E. S. 2003. Globalisation, Domestic Politics and Regionalism: The ASEAN Free Trade Area. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nikkei Asian Review. 2014. “The Region’s Top Companies: ASEAN 100.” November 20. Available from: <http://asia.nikkei.com/magazine/20141120-THE-REGION-S-TOP-COMPANIES/Cover-Story/The-regions-top-companies-ASEAN-100>, accessed 20 June 2016.

  • Okposin, Samuel Bassey. 1999. The Extent of Singapore’s Investments Abroad. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsonage, James. 1992. “Southeast Asia’s ‘Growth Triangle’: A Subregional Response to Global Transformation.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research No. 16 (2):307–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perlez, Jane. 2003. “Singapore and Thailand Urge Region to Integrate.” The New York Times, October 7. Available from: <http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/07/business/singapore-and-thailand-urge-region-to-integrate.html?mcubz=1>, accessed 15 March 2017.

  • Phongpaichit, Pasuk, and Chris Baker. 1996. Thailand’s Boom! St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phongpaichit, Pasuk, and Chris Baker. 2004. Thaksin: The Business of Politics in Thailand. 1st ed. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies (NIAS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Phongpaichit, Pasuk, and Chris Baker. 2009. “Thaksin’s Populism.” In Populism in Asia, edited by Kosuke Mizuno and Pasuk Phongpaichit, 66–93. Singapore and Kyoto: NUS Press & Kyoto University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polsiri, Piruna, and Yupana Wiwattanakantang. 2006. “Thai Business Groups: Crisis and Restructuring.” In Business Groups in East Asia: Financial Crisis, Restructuring, and New Growth, edited by Sea-Jin Chang, 147–178. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rajah, Jothie. 2012. Authoritarian Rule of Law: Legislation, Discourse and Legitimacy in Singapore. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Razak, Nazir Dato’ Sri. 2016. “ASEAN Economic Community in 2025.” In Asia 2025, 37–40. London: Asia House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robison, Richard. 1986. Indonesia: The Rise of Capital. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robison, Richard. 1995. “Emergence of the Middle Class in Southeast Asia.” No. 57. Perth: Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robison, Richard, ed. 2012. Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian Politics Abingdon and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robison, Richard, Mark Beeson, Kanishka Jayasuriya, and Hyuk-Rae Kim, eds. 2000. Politics and Markets in the Wake of the Asian Crisis. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodan, Garry. 1989. The Political Economy of Singapore’s Industrialization: National State and International Capital. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodan, Garry. 2006. “Singapore: Globalisation, the State, and Politics.” In The Political Economy of South-East Asia: Markets, Power, and Contestation, edited by Garry Rodan, Kevin Hewison and Richard Robison, 137–169. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodan, Garry, and Caroline Hughes. 2014. The Politics of Accountability in Southeast Asia: The Dominance of Moral Ideologies. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rodan, Garry, and Kanishka Jayasuriya. 2007. “The Technocratic Politics of Administrative Participation: Case Studies of Singapore and Vietnam.” Democratization No. 14 (5):795–815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodan, Garry, Kevin Hewison, and Richard Robison, eds. 2006. The Political Economy of South-East Asia: Markets, Power and Contestation. 3rd ed. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shinawatra, Thaksin. 2003. “Transcript of Speech by Thaksin Shinawatra Prime Minister of Thailand at the Inauguration Ceremony of the ASEAN Business and Investment Summit (ASEAN-BIS), Nusa Dua, Bali.” ASEAN Secretariat, October 6. Available from: <http://asean.org/address-by-his-excellency-dr-thaksin-shinawatra-prime-minister-of-thailand-at-the-inauguration-ceremony-of-the-asean-business-and-investment-summit-asean-bis-nusa-dua-bali/>, accessed 26 June 2017.

  • Smith, Shannon L. D. 1997. “The Indonesia‐Malaysia‐Singapore Growth Triangle: A Political and Economic Equation.” Australian Journal of International Affairs No. 51 (3):369–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan, C. K. 2015. “Malaysia Gears Up to Declare Regional Integration.” Nikkei Asian Review, November 18. Available from: <http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/IndonesianconglomeratefacilitatingJapaneselistings>, accessed 19 June 2017.

  • Tan, C. K. 2016. “CIMB Chief Calls on the Private Sector to Move Integration Forward.” Nikkei Asian Review, September 1. Available from: <http://asia.nikkei.com/magazine/20160901-ASEAN-THE-GREAT-PUZZLE/On-the-Cover/CIMB-chief-calls-on-the-private-sector-to-move-integration-forward>, accessed 19 June 2017.

  • Temasek Holdings. 2014. Temasek Review 2014. Singapore: Temasek Holdings.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tremewan, Christopher. 1994. The Political Economy of Social Control in Singapore. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tsui-Auch, Lai Si. 2006. “Singaporean Business Groups: The Role of the State and Capital in Singapore Inc.” In Business Groups in East Asia: Financial Crisis, Restructuring, and New Growth, edited by Sea-Jin Chang, 94–115. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Warr, Peter G., and Bhanupong Nidhiprabha. 1996. Thailand’s Macroeconomic Miracle: Stable Adjustment and Sustained Growth. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, Thomas J. 2014. “Malaysian Economic Development, Leading Industries and Industrial Clusters.” The Singapore Economic Review No. 59 (5):1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, P. K., and C. Y. Ng. 1997. “Singapore’s Industrial Policy to the Year 2000.” In Industrial Policies in East Asia, edited by Seiichi Masuyama, Donna Vandenbrink and Chia Siow Yue, 121–141. Singapore and Tokyo: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies and Nomura Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yahya, Faizal. 2005. “State Capitalism and Government Linked Companies.” Journal of Asia-Pacific Business No. 6 (1):3–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of International Relations, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

    Faris Al-Fadhat

Authors
  1. Faris Al-Fadhat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Al-Fadhat, F. (2019). State Restructuring and the Internationalization of Capital in Southeast Asia. In: The Rise of International Capital. Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3191-6_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation