Skip to main content

Flora Japonica: Linnaean Connections Between Britain and Japan During the Romantic Period

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
British Romanticism in Asia

Part of the book series: Asia-Pacific and Literature in English ((APLE))

  • 358 Accesses

Abstract

This article will elucidate the characteristics of several literary and pictorial responses in British Romanticism to Linnaean botany by contrasting them with contemporaneous responses in Japan, focusing on the visit to Japan of Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828). Thunberg’s Flora Japonica (1784) was published by Itō Keisuke (1803–1901) as Taisei Honzō Meiso (1829), first introducing the Linnaean system to Japan. It argues that the discrepancies in responses to Linnaean botany between Britain and Japan can be ascribed not only to cultural differences but also to diverging paradigms towards transcultural orientation. The comparison between two disparate cultures also indicates the tendency of Linnaeus’ ideas to become co-opted into the defence of existing political structures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Anon., ed. Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine 1 (1798): 94–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anon. (Seward, Anna?). “The Backwardness of Spring Accounted For 1772”. A manuscript poem written on the endpapers of the second volume of a British Library copy (447.c.19) of Linnaeus, A System of Vegetables, 1783.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker-Benfield, G. J. The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaglehole, J. C., ed. The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks 176871. 2 vols. Sydney: Trustees of the Public Library of New South Wales in association with Angus and Robertson, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bewell, Alan. “‘Jacobin Plants’: Botany as Social Theory in the 1790s”. Wordsworth Circle Summer (1989): 20, 3. ProQuest Information and Learning (2006): 132–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. “‘On the Banks of the South Sea’: botany and sexual controversy in the late eighteenth century”. In Visions of Empire: Voyages, Botany and Representation of Nature. Ed. David Philip Miller and Peter Hanns Reill. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996: 173–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake, William. The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake. Ed. David Erdman. Commentary by Harold Bloom. Rev. ed. Garden City: Anchor, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blunt, Wilfrid. The Compleat Naturalist: A Life of Linnaeus. Introduction by William T. Stearn. London: Frances Lincoln, 2001 [1971].

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, Janet. “Botany in the boudoir and garden: the Banksian context”. In Vision of Empire: Voyages, Botany, and Representations of Nature. Ed. David Philip Miller and Peter Hanns Reill. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996: 153–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Confucius. Rongo. Shinshaku Kanbun Taikei I. Revised ed. Commentary by Yoshida Kenko. Tokyo: Meiji Shoin, 1991 [1960].

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. The Sayings of Confucius: The Teachings of China’s Greatest Sage. Trans. James R. Ware. New York: Mentor Books, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connolly, Tristanne. “‘Mistaken for Natives of the Soil’: Translation and Erasmus Darwin’s Loves of the Plants”. In British Romanticism in European Perspective: Into the Eurozone. Ed. Steve Clark and Tristanne Connolly. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015: 133–54.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, Elizabeth Heckendorn. “‘Perfect’ Flowers, Monstrous Women: Eighteenth-Century Botany and the Modern Gendered Subject”. In Defects: Engendering the Modern Body. Ed. Helen Deutsch and Felicity Nussbaum. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2000: 252–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, Erasmus. The Botanic Garden: A Poem. In two parts. Part I. Containing the Economy of Vegetation. Part II. The Loves of the Plants. With Philosophical Notes. London: J. Johnson, 1791.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortune, Robert. Yedo and Peking: A Narrative of a Journey to the Capitals of Japan and China. London: John Murray, 1863.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Frayling, Christopher. “Fuseli’s The Nightmare: Somewhere between the Sublime and the Ridiculous”. In Gothic Nightmares: Fuseli, Blake and the Romantic Imagination. Ed. Martin Myrone. London: Tate, 2006: 9–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fulford, Tim, Debbie Lee, and Peter J. Kitson. Literature, Science and Exploration in the Romantic Era: Bodies of Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gascoigne, John. Science in the Service of Empire: Joseph Banks, the British State and the Uses of Science in the Age of Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, Sam. “Carl Linnaeus, Erasmus Darwin and Anna Seward: Botanical Poetry and Female Education”. Science & Education 23 (2014): 673–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. “‘Not Strictly Proper for a Female Pen’: Eighteenth-Century Poetry and the Sexuality of Botany”. Comparative Critical Studies 2.2 (2005): 191–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gottlieb, Evan. Romantic Globalism: British Literature and Modern World Order, 17501830. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkesworth, John. An Account of the Voyages Undertaken by the Order of His Present Majesty for Making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere, and Successively Performed by Commodore Byron, Captain Wallis, Captain Carteret, and Captain Cook, in the Dolphin, the Swallow, and the Endeavour: Drawn Up from the Journals Which Were Kept by the Several Commanders, and from the Papers of Joseph Banks, Esq. 3 vols. London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell, 1773.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirano, Mitsuru. “Kinsei Nihon ni okeru Houttuyn Natuurlyke Historie no Riyō”. Meiji University Library Bulletin 6 (2002): 82–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Itō, Keisuke. Taisei Honzō Meiso. 3 vols. Rept. Commentary by Kimura Yojiro. Tokyo: Inoue Shoten, 1976 [1829]. National Diet Library Digital Collection. http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/2558269.

  • Iwao, Seiichi. “Nihonbunka-shi ni okeru Thunberg”, “Thunberg ate Nihonjin Ranbun Shokan-shū”. Trans. fr. Dutch by Iwao. Ed. Science Council of Japan and Botanical Society of Japan. Thunberg Kenkyū Shiryō (1953): 17–27, 107–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. “Thunberg Kenkyū Shiryō: Hoi”. Tohōgaku Ronshū (1972): 67–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janson, H. W. “Fuseli’s Nightmare”. Sixteen Studies. New York: H. N. Abrams, 1973 [1963]: 75–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimura, Yojiro. “C. P. Thunberg and the Japanese Botany”. In Bicentenary Celebration of C. P. Thunberg’s Visit to Japan: Tokyo, Kyoto and Nagasaki 1725th May, 1976. Ed. Kōzō Hayashi et al. Tokyo: Royal Swedish Embassy and Botanical Society of Japan, 1977: 9–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitamura, Shiro. “Kaempher no Nihon Shokubutsu-ki ni tsuite”. Shokubutsu to Bunka 13 (1975): 2–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowles, John. The Life and Writings of Henry Fuseli. 3 vols. London: Colburn and Bentley, 1831.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, James. An Introduction to Botany, Containing an Explanation of the Theory of that Science, and an Interpretation of its Technical Terms. London: J. R. Tonson, 1760.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linnaeus, Carl. Caroli Linnæi: Species Plantarum. 2 vols. Rpt. Introduction by Nakai Takenoshin. Tokyo: Botanical Society of Japan, 1936 [1753].

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. Linnaeus’ Philosophia Botanica. Trans. fr. Latin by Stephen Freer. Introduction by Paul Alan Cox. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003 [1751].

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. Prelude to the Betrothal of Plants, Facsimile with a Swedish transcription and an English translation of Præludia Sponsaliorum Plantarum. Ed. and Trans. Xtina Wootz and Krister Östlund. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitetsbibliotek, 2007 [1729].

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. A System of Vegetables: […] with their characters and differences translated from the thirteenth edition (as published by Dr. Murray) of the Systema Vegetabilium of the Late Professor Linneus (sic.). 2 vols. Trans. A Botanical Society at Lichfield. Lichfield: John Jackson, 1783.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. Systema Naturae 1735: Facsimile of the First Edition. With an Introduction and a First English Translation by Dr. M. S. J. Engel-Ledeboer and Dr. H. Engel. Nieuwkoop: B. de Graaf, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowe, N. F. “Mary Wollstonecraft and the Kingsborough Scandal”. Eighteenth-Century Ireland/Iris an dá chultúr 9 (1994): 44–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maniquis, Robert M. “The Puzzling Mimosa: Sensitivity and Plant Symbols in Romanticism”. Studies in Romanticism 3.3 (1969): 129–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, Eudo C., ed. The Mind of Henry Fuseli: Selections from His Writings. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda, Kiyoshi. Yōgaku no Shoshiteki Kenkyu. Kyoto: Rinsen Book, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAleer, Edward C. The Sensitive Plant: A Life of Lady Mount Cashell. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyazaki, Fumiko. “Bansho-shirabesho”. In Yōgakushi-jiten. Ed. Nichiran-gakkai. Tokyo: Yushodo, 1984: 591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naritaya, Tomejiro (Bankaen Shujin), ed. Asagao Sanju-Rokkasen. Illus. Hattori Sessai. National Diet Library Digital Collection, http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1286913. [1854].

  • Nishimura, Saburo. Bunmei no nakano Hakubutsu-gaku: Seiyō to Nihon [Natural History in Civilizations, West and East]. 2 vols. Tokyo: Kinokuniya Shoten, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, James. Mimosa: or the Sensitive Plant; a Poem. Dedicated to Mr. Banks, and Addressed to Kitt Frederick, Dutchess of Queensberry, Elect. London: W. Sandwich, 1779.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polwhele, Richard. The Unsex’d Females: A Poem, Addressed to the Author of the Pursuits of Literature. Ed. Peter Byrnes. Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library, http://etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/PolUnse.html. [1798].

  • Pope, Alexander. An Essay on Man: Being the First Book of Ethic Epistles. To Henry St. John, L. Bolingbroke. London: Lawton Gilliver, 1733–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, Nicolas. Fuseli: The Nightmare. Art in Context 4. Ed. John Fleming and Hugh Honour. London: Allen Lane, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, Mary Louise. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2008 [1992].

    Google Scholar 

  • Roderick, Colin. “Sir Joseph Banks, Queen Oberea and the Satirists”. In Captain James Cook: Image and Impact, South Seas Discoveries and the World of Letters. Ed. Walter Veit. Melbourne: Hawthorn Press, 1972: 67–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, Hugh. The Elements of Botany … Being a Translation of the “Philosophia Botanica”, and Other Treatises of the Celebrated Linnæus. London: T. Cadell, 1775.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau, J. J. Letters on the Elements of Botany Addressed to a Lady. 6th ed. Trans. Thomas Martyn. London: J. White, 1802.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudolph, Richard C. “Thunberg in Japan and His Flora Japonica in Japanese”. Monumenta Nipponica: studies on Japanese culture past and present (Sophia University) 29.2 (1974): 163–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Screech, Timon. The Western Scientific Gaze and Popular Imagery in Later Edo Japan: The Lens Within the Heart. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shteir, Ann B. Cultivating Women, Cultivating Science: Flora’s Daughters and Botany in England, 1760 to 1860. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Siebold, Philipp Franz. Edo Sanpu Kikô (Nippon). Trans. Saito Makoto. Tokyo: Heibon-sha, 1967 [1854].

    Google Scholar 

  • Srigley, Michael. “The Sickness of Blake’s Rose”. Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 26 (1992): 4–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafleu, Frans A. Linnaeus and the Linnaeans: The Spreading of Their Ideas in Systematic Botany, 17351789. Utrecht: Oosthoek, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stillingfleet, Benjamin. Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Natural History, Husbandry, and Physick, Translated from the Latin, with Notes. London: R. and J. Dodsley, et al., 1759.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, Fumi. “Thunberg to Nihonjin tono Kōryū”. Yōgakushi Kenkyū 11 (1994): 42–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thunberg, Carl Peter. Flora Iaponica (Flora Japonica): sistens plantas insularum iaponicarum. Rpt. Introduction by Nakai Takenoshin. Tokyo: Botanical Society of Japan, 1933 and Inoue Shoten, 1976 [1784].

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. Japan Extolled and Decried: Carl Peter Thunberg and the Shogun’s Realm, 17751796 (sic. 1776). Introduction and Annotations by Timon Screech. London and New York: Routledge, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. Travels in Europe, Africa, and Asia, Performed Between the Years 1770 and 1779. 4 vols. London: F. and C. Rivington, 1795.

    Google Scholar 

  • Udagawa, Yōan. Botanika-kyō (The Botanical Sutra, 1822). Rpt. Fukkoku Botanika-kyō. Commentary by Ōga Ichiro. Tokyo: Inoue Shoten, 1965 [1935].

    Google Scholar 

  • Wada, Ayako. “Blake’s Oriental Heterodoxy: Yanagi’s Perception of Blake”. In The Reception of Blake in the Orient. Ed. Steve Clark and Masashi Suzuki. London: Continuum, 2006: 161–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. “Visions of the Love Triangle and Adulterous Birth in Blake’s The Four Zoas”. In Sexy Blake. Ed. Helen P. Bruder and Tristanne Connolly. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013: 35–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, Maryanne C. “A Painting of the Unspeakable: Henry Fuseli’s The Nightmare and the Creation of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein”. The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 33.1 (2000): 20–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willson, E. J. James Lee and the Vineyard Nursery Hammersmith. London: Hammersmith Local History Group, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Ed. Miriam Brody. New York: Penguin, 1992 [1792].

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ayako Wada .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wada, A. (2019). Flora Japonica: Linnaean Connections Between Britain and Japan During the Romantic Period. In: Watson, A., Williams, L. (eds) British Romanticism in Asia. Asia-Pacific and Literature in English. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3001-8_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics